Relación entre el índice de masa corporal y el riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de la sede administrativa de la red de salud Rimac-San Martin de Porres- Los Olivos durante el periodo 2015

TesisEl estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre el Índice de masa Corporal y el riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de la sede administrativa de la Red de Salud Rímac-SMP-LO. Se evaluó a 60 trabajadores de la Red de Salud Rímac-SMP-LO el peso, la talla y el perímetro abdominal datos con los que se obtuvo el IMC y el riesgo de enfermar; se les tomó la presión arterial y en ayunas se les tomó una muestra de sangre para determinar los valores de glucosa, colesterol total, colesterol HDL y triglicéridos, el valor de colesterol LDL se obtuvo a través de una fórmula matemática. Así mismo mediante un cuestionario se recolectó información sobre consumo de tabaco, consumo de alcohol y actividad física. Resultados: Se encontró prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad de 51.7% y 18.3% respectivamente. El 63.4% de los trabajadores presentó riesgo alto o muy alto de enfermar según la medida de perímetro abdominal (36.7% y 26.7% respectivamente). El 8.3% de los trabajadores presentó intolerancia a la glucosa, mientras que el 5.0% presento diabetes mellitus. El 38.3% presento valores mayores a 200 mg/dl de colesterol total, el 46.7% valores bajos de HDL colesterol, el 43.3% valores elevados de triglicéridos (mayores a 150 mg/dl) y el 28.3% presentó valores elevados de colesterol LDL. No se encontraron personas con hipertensión arterial de estadio 1 o 2. En relación a factores de riesgo conductuales, se encontró que el 11.7% fuma, el 91% de la población estudiada había consumido alguna bebida alcohólica alguna vez en su vida, el 23% de la población consumió alguna bebida alcohólica en los últimos 30 días. En cuanto a la relación entre el IMC y los factores de riesgo biológicos y conductuales, sólo se encontró relación directa con la clasificación del riesgo de enfermar según perímetro abdominal según la prueba Chi-cuadrado y correlación de Pearson. Así mismo se encontró una correlación directa entre el riesgo cardiovascular y el índice de masa corporal. De la misma manera se encontró una correlación directa entre el riesgo de ECV y la edad, el nivel de glucosa en sangre (p =0,008), la presión sistólica (p <0,000), la presión diastólica (p =0,012), los niveles de colesterol total (p =0,009), los niveles de LDL colesterol (p =0,027) y los niveles de triglicéridos en sangre (p =0,004). Conclusiones: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de los factores de riesgo biológicos relacionados a enfermedades cardiovasculares en los trabajadores de la Red de Salud Rímac-SMP-LO, se hace necesario tomar acciones encaminadas a modificar los estilos de vida de los trabajadores para controlar los factores de riesgo identificados en la población afectada. Se recomienda establecer programas de prevención de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y modificación de estilos de vida en esta población

Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

Background: Additional safe and efficacious vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate. Methods: HERALD is a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 clinical trial conducted in 47 centres in ten countries in Europe and Latin America. By use of an interactive web response system and stratification by country and age group (18–60 years and ≥61 years), adults with no history of virologically confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intramuscularly either two 0·6 mL doses of CVnCoV containing 12 μg of mRNA or two 0·6 mL doses of 0·9% NaCl (placebo) on days 1 and 29. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity and caused by any strain from 15 days after the second dose. For the primary endpoint, the trial was considered successful if the lower limit of the CI was greater than 30%. Key secondary endpoints were the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and COVID-19 of any severity by age group. Primary safety outcomes were solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days after each dose and unsolicited adverse events within 28 days after each dose in phase 2b participants, and serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest up to 1 year after the second dose in phase 2b and phase 3 participants. Here, we report data up to June 18, 2021. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04652102, and EudraCT, 2020–003998–22, and is ongoing. Findings: Between Dec 11, 2020, and April 12, 2021, 39 680 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either CVnCoV (n=19 846) or placebo (n=19 834), of whom 19 783 received at least one dose of CVnCoV and 19 746 received at least one dose of placebo. After a mean observation period of 48·2 days (SE 0·2), 83 cases of COVID-19 occurred in the CVnCoV group (n=12 851) in 1735·29 person-years and 145 cases occurred in the placebo group (n=12 211) in 1569·87 person-years, resulting in an overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 of 48·2% (95·826% CI 31·0–61·4; p=0·016). Vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 70·7% (95% CI 42·5–86·1; CVnCoV 12 cases in 1735·29 person-years, placebo 37 cases in 1569·87 person-years). In participants aged 18–60 years, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease was 52·5% (95% CI 36·2–64·8; CVnCoV 71 cases in 1591·47 person-years, placebo, 136 cases in 1449·23 person-years). Too few cases occurred in participants aged 61 years or older (CVnCoV 12, placebo nine) to allow meaningful assessment of vaccine efficacy. Solicited adverse events, which were mostly systemic, were more common in CVnCoV recipients (1933 [96·5%] of 2003) than in placebo recipients (1344 [67·9%] of 1978), with 542 (27·1%) CVnCoV recipients and 61 (3·1%) placebo recipients reporting grade 3 solicited adverse events. The most frequently reported local reaction after any dose in the CVnCoV group was injection-site pain (1678 [83·6%] of 2007), with 22 grade 3 reactions, and the most frequently reported systematic reactions were fatigue (1603 [80·0%] of 2003) and headache (1541 [76·9%] of 2003). 82 (0·4%) of 19 783 CVnCoV recipients reported 100 serious adverse events and 66 (0·3%) of 19 746 placebo recipients reported 76 serious adverse events. Eight serious adverse events in five CVnCoV recipients and two serious adverse events in two placebo recipients were considered vaccination-related. None of the fatal serious adverse events reported (eight in the CVnCoV group and six in the placebo group) were considered to be related to study vaccination. Adverse events of special interest were reported for 38 (0·2%) participants in the CVnCoV group and 31 (0·2%) participants in the placebo group. These events were considered to be related to the trial vaccine for 14 (<0·1%) participants in the CVnCoV group and for five (<0·1%) participants in the placebo group. Interpretation: CVnCoV was efficacious in the prevention of COVID-19 of any severity and had an acceptable safety profile. Taking into account the changing environment, including the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and timelines for further development, the decision has been made to cease activities on the CVnCoV candidate and to focus efforts on the development of next-generation vaccine candidates. Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and CureVac