Atualização Automática de sistemas SCADA em produção

Esta dissertação consiste na idealização e implementação de um Módulo para a gestão de atualizações automáticas de Sistemas SCADA em produção.O ScateX+ constitui a última geração da solução SCADA da Efacec para redes; aplicações DMS e EMS avançadas para transmissão, distribuição ou geração de energia; aplicações para redes ferroviárias e metropolitanos ou supervisão de infraestruturas técnicas; incluindo sistemas de treino de operadores e gestão de equipas, entre outros.Actualmente a actualização em ambiente de produção do Sistema SCADA, comporta custos consideráveis de mão de obra, bem como tempo de indisponibilidade do Sistema incompatíveis com a eficiência exigida pelo mercado. Com vista a minimizar estes custos, foi idealizado um módulo de gestão de actualizações, que realize automatizadamente o upgrade dos postos de trabalho do Sistema.Este módulo consistirá no desenvolvimento de uma interface web onde será possível fazer upload das atualizações, listar os postos de trabalho ligados à rede, agendar atualizações para os postos de trabalho pretendidos, controlo de versões e configurações gerais dos postos de trabalho. Para além da interface web será também necessário criar uma aplicação Windows que correrá nos postos de trabalho que serve como ponte de comunicação entre o posto e o servidor e será responsável pelo download e atualização nos postos

Costo económico del tratamiento de las úlceras por presión : una aproximación teórica

O presente artigo consiste numa abordagem teórica sobre a problemática dos custos económicos das úlceras por pressão. Parte-se do conhecimento do problema, numa perspetiva conceptual, para, de seguida, apresentar resultados de estudos de prevalência, a partir dos quais foram delineados estudos de impacto económico. O objectivo deste artigo é o de reflectir sobre os custos económicos associados às úlceras por pressão, quer numa perspetiva global, considerando a repercussão financeira, quer numa vertente personalista, atendendo aos custos intangíveis. Relativamente ao impacto económico das úlceras por pressão, foi efectuada uma estimativa ao nível da Região Autónoma dos Açores do custo total do tratamento por ambiente de cuidados. Nos cuidados domiciliários o custo com o tratamento de todas as categorias é calculado em 7.086.415 euros; nos cuidados hospitalares, em 1.723.509 euros, e nos cuidados prestados em lares de idosos, em 1.002.562 euros. Nos Açores, a estimativa do custo total do tratamento das úlceras por pressão, considerando todas as suas categorias, ronda os 9.812.486 euros. Quanto ao impacto emocional associado, este tem elevados custos para pessoa e para os familiares, nomeadamente pelo sofrimento gerado. De facto, as úlceras por pressão acarretam elevados custos económicos associados ao tratamento, bem como custos intangíveis pelo sofrimento vivenciado por pessoas e cuidadores.RESUMEN: El presente artículo consiste en una reflexión teórica sobre el problema de los costos económicos de las úlceras por presión. Se empieza por el conocimiento del problema, desde una perspectiva conceptual, y, a continuación, se presentan los resultados de estudios de prevalencia, a partir de los cuales se diseñaron estudios de impacto económico. El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar sobre los costos económicos asociados a las úlceras por presión tanto en una perspectiva global, considerando la repercusión financiera, como en una vertiente personalista, de acuerdo a los costos intangibles. En cuanto al impacto económico de las úlceras por presión, se realizó una estimación de la Región Autónoma de Açores del costo total del tratamiento por ámbito de atención. En la atención domiciliaria el costo con el tratamiento de todas las categorías se estima en € 7.086.415, en la atención hospitalaria, se estima € 1.723.509 y en la atención en los asilos se estima en €1.002.562. En Açores, el costo total estimado del tratamiento de las úlceras por presión en todas las categorías, es de alrededor de € 9.812.486. En cuanto al impacto emocional asociado, éste tiene elevados costos para la persona y para los familiares, principalmente, por el sufrimiento causado. De hecho, las úlceras por presión implican altos costos económicos asociados con el tratamiento, así como, costos intangibles generados por el sufrimiento experimentado por los individuos y los cuidadores.ABSTRACT: The present study consisted of a theoretical approach to the problem posed by the economic costs associated with pressure ulcers (PUs). The initial aim was to assess the target problem from a conceptual perspective and then to report the results of prevalence studies that formed the basis for investigations of the disease’s economic impact. The purpose of the present article is to discuss the economic costs associated with PUs from both the global point of view (appraising their financial repercussion) and the individual point of view (addressing the intangible costs). Regarding the economic impact of the costs associated with PUs, the total cost of treatment per healthcare setting was estimated relative to the Autonomous Community of Azores. The total cost of all the PU categories was EUR 7,086,415 in the homecare setting, EUR 1,723,509 in the hospital setting, and EUR 1,002,562 in older people’s homes. Therefore, the estimated total treatment cost of all the PU categories was approximately EUR 9,812,486 in Azores. However, the emotional impact of this disease imposes high costs on patients and their relatives as a function of the resultant suffering. Indeed, PUs impose high costs not only related to the treatment but also related to the intangible costs of the suffering caused to patients and their caregivers.Project ICE 2 – Investigação Científica em Enfermagem – Estudo do “Custo Económico das Úlceras por Pressão na Macaronésia” (MAC/1/A029) de Iniciativa Comunitária – Programa de Cooperação Transnacional Madeira-Açores-Canárias 2007-2013info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Compensatory postural adjustments in na oculus virtual reality environment and the risk of falling in Alzheimer’s disease

Background/Aims Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have an impaired ability to quickly reweight central sensory dependence in response to unexpected body perturbations. Herein, we aim to study provoked compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs) in a conflicting sensory paradigm with unpredictable visual displacements using virtual reality goggles. Methods We used kinematic time-frequency analyses of two frequency bands: a low-frequency band (LB; 0.3-1.5 Hz; mechanical strategy) and a high-frequency band (HB; 1.5-3.5 Hz; cognitive strategy). We enrolled 19 healthy subjects (controls) and 21 AD patients, divided according to their previous history of falls. Results The AD faller group presented higher-power LB CPAs, reflecting their worse inherent postural stability. The AD patients had a time lag in their HB CPA reaction. Conclusion The slower reaction by CPA in AD may be a reflection of different cognitive resources including body schema self-perception, visual motion, depth perception, or a different state of fear and/or anxiety.The Centro ALGORITMI was funded by the FP7 Marie Curie ITN Neural Engineering Transformative Technologies (NETT) project. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The effect of levodopa on postural stability evaluated by wearable inertial measurement units for idiopathic and vascular Parkinson’s disease

BACKGROUND: Postural stability analysis has shown that postural control is impaired in untreated idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), even in the early stages of the disease. Vascular Parkinson's disease (VPD) lacks consensus clinical criteria or diagnostic tests. Moreover, the levodopa effect on postural balance remains undefined for IPD and even less so for VPD. OBJECTIVE: To characterize postural stability, using kinematic analysis with wearable inertial measurement units, in IPD and VPD patients without clinical PI, and to subsequently analyze the response to levodopa. METHODS: Ten patients with akinetic-rigid IPD and five patients with VPD were included. Clinical and postural stability kinematic analysis was performed before and after levodopa challenge, on different standing tasks: normal stance (NS), Romberg eyes open (REO) and Romberg eyes closed. RESULTS: In the "off state", VPD patients had higher mean distances and higher maximal distance of postural sway on NS and REO tasks, respectively. VPD patients maintained a higher range of anterior-posterior (AP) postural sway after levodopa. In the absence of PI and non-significant differences in UPDRS-III, a higher mPIGD score in the VPD patients was mainly due to gait disturbance. Gait disturbance, and not UPDRS-III, influenced the degree of postural sway response to levodopa for VPD patients. CONCLUSION: Quantitative postural sway evaluation is useful in the investigation of Parkinsonian syndromes. VPD patients have higher AP postural sway that is correlated with their gait disturbance burden and also not responsive to levodopa. These observations corroborate the interconnection of postural control and locomotor networks

Conformational dynamics of soy protein isolate under ohmic heating

Ohmic heating (OH) brings a promise of sustainable thermal processing by assuring high levels of heating efficiency and reduction of water consumption. It is important to gather fundamental knowledge about the way how this emerging heating method technology can affect the biological, functional, and technological properties of important molecules such as proteins during food processing. Vegetable proteins are attracting scientific interest in the food arena, mostly due to the need of a protein transition but also the most recent consumer trends. This work describes the effects of OH on structural aspects of soy protein isolate (SPI). OH was applied at different electrical frequencies (i.e. from 50 Hz to 20 kHz) and moderate electric fields (i.e. from 0 V/cm to 20 V/cm) at the onset denaturation temperature of SPI (95ºC). Different SPI fractions, such as legumins and vicilins, were identified through non-denaturing SDS-PAGE. Through fluorescence spectroscopy it was observed that frequencies below 500 Hz quenches tryptophan emission, suggesting structural rearrangements of the protein folding behavior; this effect is more pronounced with increasing electric field intensity. OH at 50 Hz resulted in a decrease of maximum intrinsic fluorescence intensity (p <0.05) of 27 % and 21 % when compared with the non-heated SPI and heated sample without the presence of an electric field, respectively. At the same time, treatments at 20 kHz presented a higher intrinsic fluorescence intensity than the other treatments (p < 0.05). The exposition of hydrophobic pockets appears to be less dependent on the electrical treatments applied. By reducing the thermal load, OH induces fewer changes on the protein´s structure, but the inherent electrochemical reactions and release of metals from the electrodes surface (confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) can promote complexation reactions, thus changing protein folding dynamics. OH processing parameters when properly controlled result on differentiated protein binding properties which may be of essential importance regarding their functional properties but also for different applications in bioscience fields.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Violence in intimacy relationships in young people : research-action in the initial training of nurses

Undergraduate training in Nursing requires an analysis of teachinglearning strategies and processes in the relationship between theory and practice in clinical teaching. Violence in young people’s intimate relationships is a sensitive issue for Nursing care, and peer education can produce moments of cooperative training among students. Action research and project methodology promote intervention in Community Nursing for vulnerable groups and the acquisition of skills in Nursing students. To reflect on the teaching-learning process in Nursing training in Clinical Teaching to Vulnerable Groups, in the last three years, in a community context and using the project methodology, where attitudes related to violence in the intimate relationships of young people are measured in a certain population, and hence, targeting the decision-making process in an action research context, a typology of interventions and outcomes in peer education interventions is described. A reflection on action research, project methodology and peer education in the training of Nursing students was elaborated. The analysis of the data obtained in the different editions of clinical teaching was carried out and the clinical teaching reports were analyzed to extract the interventions carried out in the face of the phenomenon under study. There is a legitimation of violence in the intimate relationships of young people that justifies a structured and continuous intervention in the target population. Intervention strategies were diversified and adapted to the young population, making peer education tangible in the training of young people in the specific protection of violence in intimate relationships. Teaching-learning has to bring theory and practice closer. Research and intervention in Community Nursing can be supported by the use of research action strategies, peer education and by integrating intervention projects focusing on the worrying legitimation of violence in the intimate relationships of young people.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparative complete scheme and booster effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infections with SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants: A case–case study based on electronic health records

Background: Information on vaccine effectiveness in a context of novel variants of concern (VOC) emergence is of key importance to inform public health policies. This study aimed to estimate a measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness between Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2 and sub-lineages) VOC according to vaccination exposure (primary or booster). Methods: We developed a case–case study using data on RT-PCR SARS-CoV2-positive cases notified in Portugal during Weeks 49–51, 2021. To obtain measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness, we compared the odds of vaccination in Omicron cases versus Delta using logistic regression adjusted for age group, sex, region, week of diagnosis, and laboratory of origin. Results: Higher odds of vaccination were observed in cases infected by Omicron VOC compared with Delta VOC cases for both complete primary vaccination (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8 to 2.4) and booster dose (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1 to 8.8), equivalent to reduction of vaccine effectiveness from 44.7% and 92.8%, observed against infection with Delta, to 6.0% (95% CI: 29.2% to 12.7%) and 62.7% (95% CI: 35.7% to 77.9%), observed against infection with Omicron, for complete primary vaccination and booster dose, respectively. Conclusion: Consistent reduction in vaccine-induced protection against infection with Omicron was observed. Complete primary vaccination may not be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in regions where Omicron variant is dominant.Grant no. 2021/PHF/23776; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184; Project ALG-D2-2021-06info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA DE Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the behavior of probabilistic density functions for fitting of Araucaria angustifolia diameter distribution taking in account 3 different class intervals. The data used for fitting the functions came from a complete enumeration forest inventory of a Mixed Ombrophylous Forest fragment with 15.24 ha, located at the Campus III of the Federal University of Paraná. The diameters of 341 araucárias trees were measured at 1.3 m (DBH). The following probabilistic density functions were fitted: Normal, Log-Normal, Gamma, Beta, Weibull 3P, Weibull 2P and Sb of Johnson. The diameter class intervals of 2 cm, 5 cm and 6.55 cm were tested. The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated that the most efficient function for class intervals with amplitude of 6.55 cm and 2 cm was the Normal and for amplitudes of 5 cm the Sb function was the best one. The Weibull 2P function was rejected by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov adherence test for all diameter class intervals adopted. This research also indicated that the Araucaria angustifolia diameter distribution is symmetric and platicurtic.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o comportamento de Funções de Densidade Probabilística no ajuste da distribuição diamétrica de Araucaria angustifolia levando em consideração diferentes intervalos de classe de diâmetro. Os dados utilizados para o ajuste das funções provieram do censo realizado no Capão da Engenharia Florestal, correspondente a um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista de 15,24 ha, localizado no Campus III da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Nesse censo foram medidos os diâmetros a 1,3 m de altura (DAP) de 341 araucárias. Para avaliar a distribuição diamétrica de Araucaria angustifolia nesse fragmento foram ajustadas as seguintes funções de densidade probabilística: Normal, Log-Normal, Gamma, Beta, Weibull 3P, Weibull 2P e Sb de Johnson. Foram definidos intervalos de classes com 2 cm, 5 cm e 6,55 cm. Os resultados do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov indicaram que, a função mais eficiente para intervalos de classes com amplitudes de 6,55 cm e 2 cm foi a Normal e para intervalos de classes de 5 cm a Sb de Johnson. A função Weibull 2P foi rejeitada pelo teste de aderência para todos os intervalos de classe adotados. O estudo também identificou que a distribuição diamétrica de Araucaria angustifolia nesse fragmento é simétrica e platicúrtica

Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Predictors of Intraoperative Complications in Neuraxial Blocks at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP

SummaryBackground and objectivesCardiovascular changes associated with neuraxial blocks are a cause of concern due to their frequency and because some of them can be considered physiological effects triggered by the sympathetic nervous system blockade. The objective of this study was to evaluate intraoperative cardiovascular complications and predictive factors associated with neuraxial blocks in patients ≥ 18 years of age undergoing non-obstetric procedures over an 18-year period in a tertiary university hospital – HCFMB-UNESP.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the following complications was undertaken: hypertension, hypotension, sinus bradycardia, and sinus tachycardia. These complications were correlated with anesthetic technique, physical status (ASA), age, gender, and preoperative co-morbidities. The Tukey test for comparisons among proportions and logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.Results32,554 patients underwent neuraxial blocks. Intraoperative complications mentioned included hypotension (n=4,109), sinus bradycardia (n=1,107), sinus tachycardia (n=601), and hypertension (n=466). Hypotension was seen more often in patients undergoing continuous subarachnoid anesthesia (29.4%, OR=2.39), ≥ 61 years of age, and female (OR=1.27).ConclusionsIntraoperative hypotension and bradycardia were the complications observed more often. Hypotension was related to anesthetic technique (CSA), increased age, and female. Tachycardia and hypertension may not have been directly related to neuraxial blocks

Arbustus unedo essence: morphological and genetic characterization of the strawberry tree of Castelo de Paiva

O medronheiro é um arbusto da região mediterrânica que pode ser encontrada por todo o país. Ao contrário do que verifica na região sul do país, no concelho de Castelo de Paiva é atribuída uma reduzida importância económica a esta espécie. Com o intuito de preservar e potenciar a produção desta espécie e contribuir para a dinamização da economia do concelho, procedeu-se à caracterização morfológica e genética de uma amostra da população de medronheiros de Castelo de Paiva. A caracterização morfológica e genética foi realizada para um total de 10 genótipos. Para tal recolheram-se 70 folhas aleatoriamente em cada árvore. Em 40 folhas mediu-se o comprimento, largura, comprimento do pedúnculo, peso fresco, peso seco e determinou-se a área foliar. Dos caracteres morfológicos analisados, aqueles que se revelaram mais úteis na distinção dos vários genótipos foram: comprimento do pedúnculo, peso fresco e peso seco. As restantes 30 folhas foram utilizadas para a caracterização genética. Esta caracterização foi realizada recorrendo a um marcador de DNA, ISSR. Os 5 primeiros exemplaresutilizados na técnica de ISSR demonstraram-se polimórficos. Os resultados da caracterização genética sugerem que a variabilidade genética na população é média a alta.The strawberry tree is a shrub native in the Mediterranean region and it can be found throughout Portugal. Unlike the case in the southern region of the country, in Castelo de Paiva a minor economic importance is given to this species. In order to preserve, to enhance the production of this species and to contribute to the boosting of the economy of the region, we proceeded to the characterization of a small sample population of this fruit tree of Castelo de Paiva in what concerns to its morphology and genetics. The morphological and genetic characterization was performed for a total of 10 genotypes. For this, 70 leaves were randomly collected from each tree. For 40 leaves, it was measured the length, the width, the peduncle length, the wet weight, the dry weight and determined the leaf area. Of the morphological characteristics analyzed, the ones that proved most useful in distinguishing the various genotypes were: the length peduncle, the wet weight and the dry weight. The remaining 30 leaves were used in the genetic characterization. This characterization was performed using a DNA marker, the ISSR. The 5 primers used in the ISSR technique proved to be polymorphic. The results from the genetic characterization suggest that variability in population genetics is medium to high