Elaboración de embutido cárnico curado sellado al vacío con pomasa de manzana (Malus domestica) y su valoración nutricional y sensorial

The research was to compare 4 treatments with different percentages of vegetable fiber added, replacing animal fat, determining objectives, to use apple pomade as source of fiber in replace to meat sausage pork fat, assessment of nutritional recovery as fiber, fats, sugars and phenols; sensory attributes acceptability evaluate the presence of coliform bacteria, the sausage of pork including pomade apple (Malus domestica). The treatments were evaluated according to the goals set during the days 2, 15 and 30, to be processed, the results of nutritional analyzes showed differences in treatments with higher content of pomace, increasing the amount of fiber and mainly by decreasing the content fat. Regarding perceived by trained panelists thirteen observed differences in evaluating sensory attributes such as texture and acceptability of processed sausages when as much pomade apple was used. The results of microbiological analyzes met the requirements of the sanitary regulation of food Chile. The addition until 3% of apple pomade exhibited a higher score on the acceptability of the product.La investigación consistió en comparar 4 tratamientos con diferentes porcentajes de fibra vegetal adicionada, en reemplazo de la grasa animal, determinando como objetivos, utilizar pomasa de manzana como fuente de fibra y reemplazo de grasa animal en embutidos de cerdo, valorización nutricional; fibra, grasas, azúcares y fenoles; atributos sensoriales y aceptabilidad; presencia de bacterias coliformes, del embutido de carne de cerdo con inclusión de pomasa de manzana (Malus domestica). Los tratamientos fueron evaluados según los objetivos planteados durante los días 2, 15 y 30, de ser elaborados, los resultados obtenidos en los análisis nutricionales demostraron diferencias en los tratamientos con mayor contenido de pomasa, aumentando la cantidad de fibra y disminuyendo principalmente el contenido de grasa. En relación con lo percibido por los trece panelistas entrenados, se observaron diferencias al evaluar atributos sensoriales como la textura y la aceptabilidad de los embutidos elaborados, cuando se utilizó la mayor cantidad de pomasa de manzana. Los resultados de los análisis microbiológicos cumplieron con lo exigido por el reglamento sanitario de los alimentos de Chile. La adición de hasta un 3% de pomasa de manzana fue sensorialmente aceptada en el producto.Fil: Loyola, Nelson. Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Dpto. de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Acuña, Carlos. Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Dpto. de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Fuentes, Diego. Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Dpto. de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Arriola, Mariela. Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Dpto. de Ciencias Agraria

Long-term analysis of GOME in-flight calibration parameters and instrument degradation

Since 1995, the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) has measured solar and backscattered spectra in the ultraviolet and visible wavelength range. Now, the extensive data set of the most important calibration parameters has been investigated thoroughly in order to analyze the long-term stability and performance of the instrument. This study focuses on GOME in-flight calibration and degradation for the solar path. Monitoring the sensor degradation yields an intensity decrease of 70% to 90% in 240–316nm and 35% to 65% in 311–415 nm. The spectral calibration is very stable over the whole period, although a very complex interaction between predisperser temperature and wavelength was found. The leakage current and the pixel-to-pixel gain increased significantly during the mission, which requires an accurate correction of the measured radiance and irradiance signals using proper calibration parameters. Finally, several outliers in the data sets can be directly assigned to instrument and satellite anomalies

Study on the Level of Knowledge in Dental Medical Emergencies of Dentistry Students through Neutrosophic Values

Abstract. This research carries out an analysis of the level of knowledge in dental medical emergencies of tenth semester dentistry students at Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes UNIANDES, during the academic period April-August 2019, related to the reception of first aid courses. For this purpose, we made use of the neutrosophic theory, through the application of the single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) associated to linguistic variables to evaluate the students' answers to the applied questionnaire. As a main result, we obtained a negative evaluation of the level of knowledge of dental medical emergencies for the students who have not received the first aid course

Propuesta de implementación de un sistema de gestión de calidad basado en la norma ISO 9001:2008 para mejorar la rentabilidad en la empresa Agualima S.A.C.

RESUMEN La presente tesis se ha elaborado teniendo como finalidad mejorar la rentabilidad en la empresa AGUALIMA S.A.C. Se planteó la propuesta de mejora a partir del conocimiento del entorno global de las empresas de metalmecánica su desarrollo, evolución y participación estratégica en el desarrollo de los sectores económicos del país como la minería agroindustria pesquería construcción a fin de determinar los alcances principales de la presente investigación. Se realizó el diagnóstico de la situación actual en el área Calidad el cual proporcionó los aspectos relevantes de los procesos. Determinados los aspectos relevantes se formuló el problema, de cuya solución y evaluación de terminará la solución planteada en la investigación. El desarrollo de la propuesta presentada para el área de Calidad en la empresa AGUALIMA S.A.C. contempla los aspectos relevantes derivados del diagnóstico a los cuales se les proporcionó sus respectivas propuestas de solución a fin de que al desarrollarse las mismas suplieran las ausencias de valores requeridos para considerarse como parte de la solución del problema de la investigación. El planteamiento del Manual de Calidad tiene una razón fundamental la cual se explica en la necesidad de contar con un marco referencial que englobe las herramientas tales como asegurar que las operaciones se realicen ordenadamente y de forma coordinada, para satisfacer con los requisitos que pide el cliente, sirve de base para las auditorías de calidad. Se culmina con la valoración monetaria alcanzada en cada de las propuestas de solución planteadas las que en términos monetarios a través de sus indicadores alcanzaron un VAN de S/. 461,698.30; TIR de 57%; B/C de S/.1.98, los cuales en su conjunto determinan la validación de la propuesta y de la investigación desarrollada al concluir que la misma es considerada rentable y viable.ABSTRACT The thesis has been prepared taking Present designed to improve profitability in the Company AGUALIMA S.A.C. Improvement Proposal was raised from knowledge of the global environment of metalworking companies do Development, Evolution and Strategic Participation in Development of economic sectors as mining fishery agribusiness construction of a fin to determine S. Main Scopes of the present investigation. Diagnosis of the current situation in the area which is provided Quality Relevant aspects of the processes performed. Certain relevant aspects The problem, the solution f and Evaluation terminate the proposed solution was formulated in Research. Development Proposal for the area of quality in the company AGUALIMA S.A.C. Contemplate Derivatives Relevant aspects of diagnosis of which were provided with their respective proposals for Solution A flap that developed Thereof suplieran Securities absences required to be considered as part of the Solution to the Problem of Research. The approach of the Quality Manual has a fundamental reason which, if explained in the need for a framework to encompass Tools stories of how to ensure that operations are orderly and coordinated conduct, to meet the requirements Calls Customer, serves as the basis of the audit para Quality. It culminates with the monetary valuation reached on each of the proposed solutions raised in terms which one Monetary Indicators reached through its UN go from S/. 461,698.30; IRR of 57%; B / C of S / .1.98. Who is together determine the Validation of the Proposal and Research developed to conclude that the same is considered profitable and viable

A method for random uncertainties validation and probing the natural variability with application to TROPOMI on board Sentinel-5P total ozone measurements

In this paper, we discuss the method for validation of random uncertainties in the remote sensing measurements based on evaluation of the structure function, i.e., root-mean-square differences as a function of increasing spatiotemporal separation of the measurements. The limit at the zero mismatch provides the experimental estimate of random noise in the data. At the same time, this method allows probing of the natural variability of the measured parameter. As an illustration, we applied this method to the clear-sky total ozone measurements by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5P satellite. We found that the random uncertainties reported by the TROPOMI inversion algorithm, which are in the range 1–2 DU, agree well with the experimental uncertainty estimates by the structure function. Our analysis of the structure function has shown the expected results on total ozone variability: it is significantly smaller in the tropics compared to mid-latitudes. At mid-latitudes, ozone variability is much larger in winter than in summer. The ozone structure function is anisotropic (being larger in the latitudinal direction) at horizontal scales larger than 10–20 km. The structure function rapidly grows with the separation distance. At mid-latitudes in winter, the ozone values can differ by 5 % at separations 300–500 km. The method discussed is a powerful tool in experimental estimates of the random noise in data and studies of natural variability, and it can be used in various applications.Peer reviewe

Influence of Tillage and Liming on N2O emission from a rainfed crop

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the main greenhouse gas (GHG) produced by agricultural soils due to microbial processes. The application of N fertilizers is associated with an increase of N2O losses. However, it is possible to mitigate these emissions by the introduction of adequate management practices (Snyder et al., 2009). Soil conservation practices (i.e.no tillage, NT) have recently become widespread because they promote several positive effects (increases in soil organic carbonand soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, etc). In terms of GHG emissions, there is no consensus in the literature on the effects of tillage on N2O. Several studies found that NT can produce greater (Baggs et al., 2003), lower (Malhi et al., 2006) or similar (Grandey et al., 2006) N2O emissions compared to traditional tillage (TT). This large uncertainty is associated with the duration of tillage practices and climatic variability. Liming is widely use to solve problems of soil acidity (Al toxicity, yield penalties, etc). Several studies show a decrease in N2O emissions with liming (Barton et al., 2013) whereas no significant effects or increases were observed in others (Galbally et al., 2010). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of tillage (NT vs TT) and liming application or not of Ca-amendment) on N2O emissions from an acid soil during a rainfed crop

Análisis del comportamiento de la subrasante arenosa con el cloruro de sodio de un camino vecinal de bajo volumen de tránsito, Virú 2022

La presente investigación se realizó con un diseño experimental en el Laboratorio del Grupo IMG, donde se buscó conocer el nivel de influencia del NaCl (cloruro de sodio) respecto al camino vecinal Frontón Bajo Sector El Carmelo – Virú. Por lo que se empleó proporciones de 1% al 4% de NaCI (Cloruro de Sodio), las cuales se extrajeron de las muestras del terreno en estudio. Con el objetivo de mejorar la subrasante en este suelo arenoso, diseñando de manera estructural y económica. Por lo que se llevó a cabo distintas pruebas de mecánica de suelos, comprendiendo; Granulometría, Limites de Atterberg, Densidad Relativa, Proctor Modificado, CBR, Sales Solubles. El resultado de la presente investigación mejoro de manera considerable el CBR del suelo al agregar el 2%, logrando alcanzar CBR mayores de 30% en cada una de las calicatas teniendo como promedio 34.13%. Como también se determinó un bajo coeficiente de permeabilidad trabajando con 2%NaCI. Cabe resaltar la importancia que fue determinar los tiempos en cuando a coordinación de extracción de muestras, diseño en laboratorio, elaboración teórica ya que todo ello fue importante para mejorar la subrasante arenosa en el tramo. En cuanto a los Análisis Químicos de los diferentes ensayos; se determinó que al utilizar NaCI 2% aumenta la resistencia de CBR, en cloruros, solidos totales solubles y sulfatos

Nitrogen dioxide decline and rebound observed by GOME-2 and TROPOMI during COVID-19 pandemic

Since its first confirmed case in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic with more than 90 million confirmed cases by January 2021. Countries around the world have enforced lockdown measures to prevent the spread of the virus, introducing a temporal change of air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) that are strongly related to transportation, industry, and energy. In this study, NO2 variations over regions with strong responses to COVID-19 are analysed using datasets from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) sensor aboard the EUMETSAT Metop satellites and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aboard the EU/ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. The global GOME-2 and TROPOMI NO2 datasets are generated at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) using harmonized retrieval algorithms; potential influences of the long-term trend and seasonal cycle, as well as the short-term meteorological variation, are taken into account statistically. We present the application of the GOME-2 data to analyze the lockdown-related NO2 variations for morning conditions. Consistent NO2 variations are observed for the GOME-2 measurements and the early afternoon TROPOMI data: regions with strong social responses to COVID-19 in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America show strong NO2 reductions of 30–50% on average due to restriction of social and economic activities, followed by a gradual rebound with lifted restriction measures