Quasi purchasing power parity: Structural change in the Mexican peso/us dollar real exchange rate

This paper analyzes whether the real exchange-rate of the Mexican peso/US dollar revert to a long-run equilibrium value, and whether this value is unique. We use a method for testing stationarity, that allows for an unknown number of structural breaks in the level of the series. Using a long span of annual data covering the period 1925-1994, our results provide evidence favouring long-run Quasi-Purchasing Power Parity. In particular, we find that the real peso/dollar exchange rate has fluctuated stationarily around a 70 year long-run level, perturbed by a series of events, both domestic and external, in or around 1981.

Constraints on Crustal Stress from Coseismic Slip Models and Focal Mechanisms.

Constraining crustal stress that leads to earthquakes is an active area of research with profound implications on understanding the forces that deform the surface of the earth and generate slip on faults. Surface deformation related to strain accumulation on faults prior to, during and following earthquakes are recorded geodetically (InSAR and GPS). These data are used to infer fault geometries and models of coseismic slip of an earthquake. Seismic energy radiated during earthquakes are used to produce focal mechanisms, which are geometric representations of faults, and provide insight on stress changes due to earthquakes. However, earthquakes are the response to stress accumulation on faults, but direct measurements of accumulated stress are difficult. In this dissertation, I develop, test, and apply a Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC) estimation technique to infer crustal stress from both focal mechanisms and coseismic slip models, the latter of which has never been done prior to the work I present here. I apply the BMC method to investigate stresses leading to the 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake, and to the 1999 İzmit and Düzce, Turkey, earthquakes. I use various coseismic slip models from all three events, aftershock focal mechanisms of the Wenchuan earthquake, and seismicity recorded in the Sea of Marmara, adjacent to the İzmit earthquake. I find that a homogeneous stress is statistically consistent with slip during the Wenchuan earthquake, and that heterogeneous stresses along the trace of the mainshock, previously argued for based on aftershock focal mechanisms, may simply reflect ambiguities in the interpretation of stress from focal mechanisms. Coseismic slip models from the İzmit and Düzce earthquakes are also consistent with a homogeneous stress along all fault segments that slipped in those earthquakes, particularly if the coefficient of fault friction is about 0.2 or less. In the Sea of Marmara, inferred stresses from focal mechanisms indicate that stress differs from the eastern to the western segments of the Main Marmara fault. Additionally, results indicate a potential stress rotation along the western segment between about 1999 and 2003, towards a transform stress regime similar to the stress leading to the İzmit and Düzce earthquakes.PHDGeologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111551/1/lmedina_1.pd

La dimensión dialógico-reflexiva del Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido en la docencia universitaria

Este trabajo presenta algunos de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación1 cuya finalidad ha sido estudiar la práctica pedagógica del profesorado universitario a través de un multidimensional constructo que sintetiza e integra los saberes disciplinares, pedagógicos y los experienciales de los docentes universitarios: el Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido (CDC). Este concepto, elaborado en el programa de investigación 'Knowledge Growth in a Profession: development of knowledege in teaching', impulsado por Lee Shulman en la Universidad de Standford, ha sido ampliamente analizado en estudios realizados en la enseñanza secundaria pero tanto su estudio en la educación superior como el análisis de su potencial para la mejora de la calidad de la enseñanza universitaria, son todavía escasos en la bibliografía. El trabajo que se articula metodológicamente como un estudio de casos múltiple, se centra en analizar las manifestaciones del Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido en la docencia de tres profesores universitarios reconocidos por su excelencia académica y didáctica. Triangulando los datos procedentes de la observación prolongada y sistemática con los de la valoración que ellos realizan de su propia práctica mediante entrevistas en profundidad, nuestros resultados caracterizan uno de los componentes del CDC del que hasta ahora disponíamos de escasa información empírica: la dimensión dialógico-reflexiva. Se concluye que el CDC es un constructo multidimensional que se articula en tres grandes dimensiones: la génesis de necesidades de explicación y expectativas de comprensión en el alumnado, la transformación del saber y la dimensión dialógica reflexiva. En este trabajo nos centraremos en la segunda de ellas que a nuestro juicio es la más novedos

Pre-service English teachers’ perceptions of their online teaching practice during pandemic times

This paper investigates pre-service English teachers’ perceptions on their online teaching practice during pandemic times, focusing on issues related to technology, materials development and gamification. Accordingly, a qualitative narrative research approach was implemented to deeply inquiry pre-service English teachers through interviews and artifacts. It is concluded that even though pre-service English teachers had to face different concerns related to their online teaching practice, such as students’ lack of commitment, low motivation and connectivity issues because of the pandemic, still they were capable of understanding and reflecting upon their role as teachers and used technology and gamified activities to overcome their concerns

Efectividad del tratamiento inmunomodulador con leucocitos alogénicos, en aborto involuntario recurrente. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Dentro del marco del aborto involuntario recurrente (AIR), se han propuesto causas autoinmunes y alogénicas, e implementación de terapias como la inmunización activa con leucocitos alogénicos de la pareja o de donantes. La evidencia disponible en cuanto a la efectividad de estos tratamientos es contradictoria, por lo que se desea realizar una revisión sistemática para evaluar la efectividad de la inmunización activa con leucocitos alogénicos de la pareja o de donantes para esta condición. Se realizó un estudio tipo revisión sistemática de la literatura, usando las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library y Scielo. Se realizó una búsqueda a través del registro de ensayos clínicos del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Estados Unidos (www.clinicaltrials.gov) y, una búsqueda manual a través de las referencias de los estudios seleccionados siguiendo la estrategia de bola de nieve. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos y estudios de cohorte analítica, en idioma inglés y español. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de la información por medio de un metaanálisis. El tratamiento inmunomodulador con linfocitos puede considerarse como una terapia efectiva para mantener la gestación y lograr recién nacido vivo según resultados estadísticos; sin embargo la calidad de los estudios incluidos es baja, por lo que no se aconseja para la práctica rutinaria. Se sugiere la realización de estudios con metodologías robustas y que apoyen los resultados presentados en esta investigación.Involuntary recurrent abortion (IRA) is defined as the history of three or more abortions before 20 weeks of gestation. Within its etiology has been proposed and allogeneic or autoimmune causes, with the implementation of therapies that try to immunize women against "foreign" cells of a future pregnancy like the trophoblast membrane immunization, active immunization with allogeneic leukocytes partner or donor and the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The available evidence regarding their effectiveness is scarce and contradictory, which is why we want to conduct a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of this treatment, measured by the rate of live births in women with AIR, who were treted by immunomodulator, and the adverse events presented in the mother and child. Asystematic review of the literature will be conducted. First, a search will be make through the following databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scielo. Also a search made through the registration of clinical trials at the National Institute of Health in the United States (www.clinicaltrials. gov) and finally manual search will be made through the references of the selected studies following the snowball strategy. The following search terms will be used: Human, pregnancy, involuntary recurrent abortion, prevention, control, immunotherapy, immunization, allogeneic leukocytes, trophoblast, newborn, controlled clinical trials, cohort, in different combinations. If the studies allow a quantitative analysis of the information will be made. This systematic review will provide evidence about the effectiveness of immunomodulatory treatments to achieve pregnancy and live birth and assess gestational week at birth and complications in the newborn. The results will serve to discuss the use of inmunomodulator treatment in cases of IRA. It will serve as a starting point for the implementation of a treatment strategy that is beneficial to patients and complement existing clinical practice protocols

Determination of four bisphenols in water and urine samples by magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction using a modified zeolite/iron oxide composite prior to liquid chromatography diode array detection

A novel approach is presented to determine four bisphenols in water and urine samples, employing magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography and diode array detection. A modified zeolite‐based magnetic composite was used as an efficient sorbent, combining the advantages of magnetic materials with the remarkable properties of zeolites. A multivariate optimization design was employed to optimize some experimental factors affecting magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction. The method was evaluated under optimized conditions (i.e., amount of sorbent, 50 mg; sample pH, unadjusted; NaCl concentration, 1.25%; extraction and elution time, 2 min; eluent solvent, ethanol; eluent solvent volume, 400 µL), obtaining good linearity with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.995 and 0.999 (N = 5) (from 2 to 250 µg/L for bisphenol A, bisphenol AP, and bisphenol P and from 5 to 250 µg/L for bisphenol AF). Method repeatability was assessed obtaining coefficients of variation between 3 and 11% (n = 6). Finally, the method was applied to spiked real samples, obtaining for water samples relative recoveries between 83 and 105%, and for urine samples between 81 and 108% for bisphenol A, bisphenol AP, and bisphenol AF, and between 47 and 59% for bisphenol P.The authors would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Union (FEDER funds) (project no. CTQ2016-79991-R) and Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) (project no. PROMETEO/2018/087) for the financial support. P. Baile also thanks Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports for her FPU grant (FPU14/04589)

Comunicação e mediação da informação na produção de um curso online : estudo de caso Secretaria Executiva da Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde (UNA-SUS)

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciência da Informação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação, 2015.A elaboração de recursos educacionais para a educação a distância, é um desafio para os indivíduos envolvidos nessa atividade. Na produção de um curso online participam atores com as competências profissionais necessárias para desempenhar tarefas especificas, tais atores utilizam diversos instrumentos para se comunicarem e mediar informações em um processo baseado no trabalho colaborativo. A presente pesquisa pretende descrever o processo de comunicação e mediação da informação na produção do curso online Hanseníase na Atenção Básica, produzido pela Secretaria Executiva da Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde (UNA-SUS); caracterizando o perfil e as competências informacionais dos atores envolvidos na produção do curso online; descrevendo o processo de produção adotado pela equipe de produção de cursos online; descrevendo a comunicação em tal processo; e, explicando os instrumentos utilizados na mediação da informação entre os conteudistas e a referida equipe de produção. Quanto à metodologia, com abordagem qualitativa, trata-se de um estudo de caso valendo-se das técnicas de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada; e, a utilização de instrumentos de coleta de dados, tais como, notas de campo, filmagem e gravação de áudio de reuniões e oficinas. A pesquisa possibilitou acrescentar informações em relação ao perfil e às competências informacionais dos atores; perceber que o mapeamento de ações gera a estrutura informacional que norteia o conteúdo apropriado do curso; assim como, o estudo dos modelos de comunicação existentes na literatura permitiu entender como se deram as interações comunicacionais dos atores com os instrumentos de mediação nas etapas de produção do curso e incentivou a tentativa de tornar tangível o fluxo de comunicação no processo de produção, com ênfase em videoaulas, no cenário das futuras produções de cursos online.The creation of educational resources for Distance Education is a challenge for all individuals involved in that activity. In production of online course, actors participate with the necessary professional skills to perform specific tasks, these actors using several instruments in order to communicate and mediate information in a process based on collaborative work.. This research aims to describe the process of communication and mediation of information in the production of online course Leprosy in Primary Care, in the context of the Executive Secretariat of the Open University of the National Health System (UNA-SUS); characterizing the profile and informational competences of the actors involved in the production of the online course; describing the production process used by the team production of online courses, describing the communication in such a process; and explaining the tools used in the mediation of information between the content author and team work. Regarding the methodology research with qualitative approach, this is a case study making use of participant observation techniques and semi-structured interview; and the use of data collection instruments such as field notes, recording video and audio of meetings and workshops. The research allowed to add information regarding the profile and informational competences of the actors; realize that the action mapping generate the informational structure guiding the appropriate content course; as well as the study of communication models at literature, has enabled understand how to gave communicational interactions of actors with mediations tools in the production phase; and stimulated to try to make tangible the communication flow of production process, with an emphasis on video classes, in the scenario of future productions of online courses.La elaboración de recursos educacionales para educación a distancia es un desafío para los individuos involucrados en esa actividad. En la producción de un curso online participan actores con competencias profesionales necesarias para desempeñar tareas específicas. Tales actores utilizan diversos instrumentos para comunicarse y mediar informaciones en un proceso basado en el trabajo colaborativo. La presente investigación pretende describir el proceso de comunicación y medicación de la información en la producción del curso online Lepra en la Atención Básica, producido en el contexto de la Secretaria Ejecutiva de la Universidad Abierta del Sistema Único de Salud (UNA-SUS); caracterizando el perfil y las competencias informacionales de los actores involucrados en la producción del curso online; describiendo el proceso de producción adoptado por el equipo de producción de cursos online; describiendo la comunicación en tal proceso; y, explicando los instrumentos utilizados en la mediación de la información entre los conteudistas y el referido equipo de producción. En cuanto a la metodología, con abordaje cualitativo, se trata de un estudio de caso valiéndose de las técnicas de observación participante y entrevista semiestructurada; y, el uso de instrumentos de colecta de datos, tales como, notas de campo, filmación y grabación de audio de reuniones y talleres. La pesquisa facilitó reunir informaciones relacionadas al perfil y a las competencias informacionales de los actores; percibir que la planificación de acciones genera la estructura informacional que guía el contenido apropiado del curso; así como, el estudio de los modelos de comunicación existentes en la literatura, permitió entender cómo se dieron las interacciones de los actores con los instrumentos de mediación en las etapas de producción del curso e incentivó la tentativa de hacer tangible el flujo de comunicación en el proceso de producción, con énfasis en videoaula, en el escenario de futuras producciones de cursos online

Comunicação e mediação da informação na produção de um curso online : estudo de caso Secretaria Executiva da Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde (UNA-SUS)

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciência da Informação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação, 2015.A elaboração de recursos educacionais para a educação a distância, é um desafio para os indivíduos envolvidos nessa atividade. Na produção de um curso online participam atores com as competências profissionais necessárias para desempenhar tarefas especificas, tais atores utilizam diversos instrumentos para se comunicarem e mediar informações em um processo baseado no trabalho colaborativo. A presente pesquisa pretende descrever o processo de comunicação e mediação da informação na produção do curso online Hanseníase na Atenção Básica, produzido pela Secretaria Executiva da Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde (UNA-SUS); caracterizando o perfil e as competências informacionais dos atores envolvidos na produção do curso online; descrevendo o processo de produção adotado pela equipe de produção de cursos online; descrevendo a comunicação em tal processo; e, explicando os instrumentos utilizados na mediação da informação entre os conteudistas e a referida equipe de produção. Quanto à metodologia, com abordagem qualitativa, trata-se de um estudo de caso valendo-se das técnicas de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada; e, a utilização de instrumentos de coleta de dados, tais como, notas de campo, filmagem e gravação de áudio de reuniões e oficinas. A pesquisa possibilitou acrescentar informações em relação ao perfil e às competências informacionais dos atores; perceber que o mapeamento de ações gera a estrutura informacional que norteia o conteúdo apropriado do curso; assim como, o estudo dos modelos de comunicação existentes na literatura permitiu entender como se deram as interações comunicacionais dos atores com os instrumentos de mediação nas etapas de produção do curso e incentivou a tentativa de tornar tangível o fluxo de comunicação no processo de produção, com ênfase em videoaulas, no cenário das futuras produções de cursos online.The creation of educational resources for Distance Education is a challenge for all individuals involved in that activity. In production of online course, actors participate with the necessary professional skills to perform specific tasks, these actors using several instruments in order to communicate and mediate information in a process based on collaborative work.. This research aims to describe the process of communication and mediation of information in the production of online course Leprosy in Primary Care, in the context of the Executive Secretariat of the Open University of the National Health System (UNA-SUS); characterizing the profile and informational competences of the actors involved in the production of the online course; describing the production process used by the team production of online courses, describing the communication in such a process; and explaining the tools used in the mediation of information between the content author and team work. Regarding the methodology research with qualitative approach, this is a case study making use of participant observation techniques and semi-structured interview; and the use of data collection instruments such as field notes, recording video and audio of meetings and workshops. The research allowed to add information regarding the profile and informational competences of the actors; realize that the action mapping generate the informational structure guiding the appropriate content course; as well as the study of communication models at literature, has enabled understand how to gave communicational interactions of actors with mediations tools in the production phase; and stimulated to try to make tangible the communication flow of production process, with an emphasis on video classes, in the scenario of future productions of online courses.La elaboración de recursos educacionales para educación a distancia es un desafío para los individuos involucrados en esa actividad. En la producción de un curso online participan actores con competencias profesionales necesarias para desempeñar tareas específicas. Tales actores utilizan diversos instrumentos para comunicarse y mediar informaciones en un proceso basado en el trabajo colaborativo. La presente investigación pretende describir el proceso de comunicación y medicación de la información en la producción del curso online Lepra en la Atención Básica, producido en el contexto de la Secretaria Ejecutiva de la Universidad Abierta del Sistema Único de Salud (UNA-SUS); caracterizando el perfil y las competencias informacionales de los actores involucrados en la producción del curso online; describiendo el proceso de producción adoptado por el equipo de producción de cursos online; describiendo la comunicación en tal proceso; y, explicando los instrumentos utilizados en la mediación de la información entre los conteudistas y el referido equipo de producción. En cuanto a la metodología, con abordaje cualitativo, se trata de un estudio de caso valiéndose de las técnicas de observación participante y entrevista semiestructurada; y, el uso de instrumentos de colecta de datos, tales como, notas de campo, filmación y grabación de audio de reuniones y talleres. La pesquisa facilitó reunir informaciones relacionadas al perfil y a las competencias informacionales de los actores; percibir que la planificación de acciones genera la estructura informacional que guía el contenido apropiado del curso; así como, el estudio de los modelos de comunicación existentes en la literatura, permitió entender cómo se dieron las interacciones de los actores con los instrumentos de mediación en las etapas de producción del curso e incentivó la tentativa de hacer tangible el flujo de comunicación en el proceso de producción, con énfasis en videoaula, en el escenario de futuras producciones de cursos online

Marketing plan: frutas y verduras hermanos Medina

Treball Final de Grau en Administració d'Empreses. Codi: AE1049. Curs: 2015/2016Frutas y Verduras Hermanos Medina (FYVHM) is a family business founded in 1970, by Manuel Medina, currently the two sons Manolo and Emilio are owners of the firm and the ones leading it. They operate in five municipalities, L’Alcúdia de Crespins, where the head office is located, Canals, Vallada, Mogente and Ayora. The top aim of the firm is to satisfy the needs of their customers with products of quality to the best Price. We are in a sector that despite the crisis that is suffering in Spain, it does not affect too much the fruit and vegetables sector, for according to the analysed studies, Spanish people prefer in many occasions to consume fruit and vegetables to a slice of meat. This gives us hopes of growing in the future. According to the analysis that we have established for the present consumers of the firm it is cantered mainly on women of 40 years up to pensioners. As we will see we have suggested to the firm to concentrate its future efforts through organic products or social networks to capture the younger people, for these will be the consumers of the future. We will be able to see the opportunities and the threats that present the external environment and how the firm can benefit from the opportunities to grow, as well as the weaknesses and strengths that the firm has internally. After having analysed the present situation in which the firm is nowadays, we have presented to the organization a series of objectives right to its situation for the firm to be able to achieve them. Moreover, the different strategies have been analysed to improve the firm and so to achieve the objectives suggested. To end, we will see that we have defined 6 actions for the objectives to be reached. We have composed a table where it can be seen visually the objective which we will mention, the actions to be carried out to obtain this objective, the resources to be used, the indicators to find out if the objectives have been achieved, the goals, the people responsible whom will be in charge of making sure the objective will be reached and finally the starting and ending of the strategies. Furthermore, we have also analysed the control to be carried out in a specific way to know if the objectives will be reachable or not