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Repeatable classical one-time-pad crypto-system with quantum mechanics
Classical one-time-pad key can only be used once. We show in this Letter that
with quantum mechanical information media classical one-time-pad key can be
repeatedly used. We propose a specific realization using single photons. The
reason why quantum mechanics can make the classical one-time-pad key repeatable
is that quantum states can not be cloned and eavesdropping can be detected by
the legitimate users. This represents a significant difference between
classical cryptography and quantum cryptography and provides a new tool in
designing quantum communication protocols and flexibility in practical
applications.
Note added: This work was submitted to PRL as LU9745 on 29 July 2004, and the
decision was returned on 11 November 2004, which advised us to resubmit to some
specialized journal, probably, PRA, after revision. We publish it here in
memory of Prof. Fu-Guo Deng (1975.11.12-2019.1.18), from Beijing Normal
University, who died on Jan 18, 2019 after two years heroic fight with
pancreatic cancer. In this work, we designed a protocol to repeatedly use a
classical one-time-pad key to transmit ciphertext using single photon states.
The essential idea was proposed in November 1982, by Charles H. Bennett, Gilles
Brassard, Seth Breidbart, which was rejected by Fifteenth Annual ACM Symposium
on Theory of Computing, and remained unpublished until 2014, when they
published the article, Quantum Cryptography II: How to re-use a one-time pad
safely even if P=NP, Natural Computing (2014) 13:453-458, DOI
10.1007/s11047-014-9453-6. We worked out this idea independently. This work has
not been published, and was in cooperated into quant-ph 706.3791 (Kai Wen, Fu
Guo Deng, Gui Lu Long, Secure Reusable Base-String in Quantum Key
Distribution), and quant-ph 0711.1642 (Kai Wen, Fu-Guo Deng, Gui Lu Long,
Reusable Vernam Cipher with Quantum Media).Comment: It was submitted to PRL in 2004. We designed a protocol to use
repeatedly a one-time-pad to transmit ciphertext using single photons. The
idea was proposed by Bennett, Brassard, Breidbart in 1982. Unknowing their
work, we rediscovered this idea independently. We publish it here in memory
of Prof. Fu-Guo Deng (1975.11.12-2019.1.18), who died after two years heroic
fight with pancreatic cance
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