Image-based quantitative analysis of gold immunochromatographic strip via cellular neural network approach

"(c) 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works."Gold immunochromatographic strip assay provides a rapid, simple, single-copy and on-site way to detect the presence or absence of the target analyte. This paper aims to develop a method for accurately segmenting the test line and control line of the gold immunochromatographic strip (GICS) image for quantitatively determining the trace concentrations in the specimen, which can lead to more functional information than the traditional qualitative or semi-quantitative strip assay. The canny operator as well as the mathematical morphology method is used to detect and extract the GICS reading-window. Then, the test line and control line of the GICS reading-window are segmented by the cellular neural network (CNN) algorithm, where the template parameters of the CNN are designed by the switching particle swarm optimization (SPSO) algorithm for improving the performance of the CNN. It is shown that the SPSO-based CNN offers a robust method for accurately segmenting the test and control lines, and therefore serves as a novel image methodology for the interpretation of GICS. Furthermore, quantitative comparison is carried out among four algorithms in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio. It is concluded that the proposed CNN algorithm gives higher accuracy and the CNN is capable of parallelism and analog very-large-scale integration implementation within a remarkably efficient time

2,5-Dibromo­terephthalic acid dihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C8H4Br2O4·2H2O, contains one half-mol­ecule of 2,5-dibromo­terephthalic acid (DBTA) and one water mol­ecule. The DBTA mol­ecule is centrosymmetric. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules, forming a three-dimensional framework

Global exponential stability of generalized recurrent neural networks with discrete and distributed delays

This is the post print version of the article. The official published version can be obtained from the link below - Copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd.This paper is concerned with analysis problem for the global exponential stability of a class of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with mixed discrete and distributed delays. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point under mild conditions, assuming neither differentiability nor strict monotonicity for the activation function. Then, by employing a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is developed to establish sufficient conditions for the RNNs to be globally exponentially stable. Therefore, the global exponential stability of the delayed RNNs can be easily checked by utilizing the numerically efficient Matlab LMI toolbox, and no tuning of parameters is required. A simulation example is exploited to show the usefulness of the derived LMI-based stability conditions.This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK under Grant GR/S27658/01, the Nuffield Foundation of the UK under Grant NAL/00630/G, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany

Development of a Distribution System for Measuring Nozzle Integrative Parameters

The experimental system used in this study was equipped with sensors and computer-controlled processing technology. This system was used in the measurement of major performance parameters such as pressure, flux, spray angle, spray distribution character of the nozzle and its integrative performance parameter. It could also achieve precise and synchronous measurements and process multiple parameters. Measuring position of a single nozzle was also available for three-dimensional adjustment by nozzle transmission frame. The boom could achieve two-dimensional precision adjustment. Fluid power supply system could ensure the accurate measurement of nozzle flow between 50~15000 ml/min. The control system consisted of a PC, a CCD image acquisition system, data acquisition cards, sensors, and single chip microcomputer. The spray angle was measured by image processing technique. Data fusion technology was used to improve the precise measurement of spray angle. Neural network technology was used to improve the precision and speed of the system. The results showed that it is promising for using this system for measuring nozzle integrative parameter. Keywords: Nozzle; performance test; image processing; and neural networ

Bis[bis­(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro­dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine)ruthenium(II)] tetra­kis(perchlorate) acetonitrile disolvate monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ru(C12H12N2)2(C18H14N4)]2(ClO4)4·2CH3CN·H2O, contains two RuII complex cations, four perchlorate counter-anions, two uncoord­inated acetonitrile mol­ecules and one water mol­ecule. The RuII ions are chelated by one 10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro­dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dpqc) and two 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (dmb) ligands in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The uncoordinated water mol­ecule is disordered over three positions, with occupancy factors of 0.398 (9), 0.312 (8) and 0.290 (8). A supra­molecular structure is formed by weak π–π inter­actions between neighbouring mol­ecules, with face-to-face distances of 3.51 (1) Å [centroid–centroid distance 3.81 (1) Å]

Intelligent Omni-Surfaces Aided Wireless Communications: Does the Reciprocity Hold?

Intelligent omni-surfaces (IOS) have attracted great attention recently due to its potential to achieve full-dimensional communications by simultaneously reflecting and refracting signals toward both sides of the surface. However, it still remains an open question whether the reciprocity holds between the uplink and downlink channels in the IOS-aided wireless communications. In this work, we first present a physics-compliant IOS related channel model, based on which the channel reciprocity is investigated. We then demonstrate the angle-dependent electromagnetic response of the IOS element in terms of both incident and departure angles. This serves as the key feature of IOS that drives our analytical results on beam non-reciprocity. Finally, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify our theoretical analyses.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure