Cybernetic basis and system practice of remote sensing and spatial information science

Cybernetics provides a new set of ideas and methods for the study of modern science, and it has been fully applied in many areas. However, few people have introduced cybernetics into the field of remote sensing. The paper is based on the imaging process of remote sensing system, introducing cybernetics into the field of remote sensing, establishing a space-time closed-loop control theory for the actual operation of remote sensing. The paper made the process of spatial information coherently, and improved the comprehensive efficiency of the space information from acquisition, procession, transformation to application. We not only describes the application of cybernetics in remote sensing platform control, sensor control, data processing control, but also in whole system of remote sensing imaging process control. We achieve the information of output back to the input to control the efficient operation of the entire system. This breakthrough combination of cybernetics science and remote sensing science will improve remote sensing science to a higher level

Dynamic Ride Height Adjusting Controller of ECAS Vehicle with Random Road Disturbances

The ride height control system is greatly affected by the random road excitation during the ride height adjusting of the driving condition. The structure of ride height adjusting system is first analyzed, and then the mathematical model of the ride height adjusting system with the random disturbance is established as a stochastic nonlinear system. This system is decoupled using the differential geometry theory and stabilized using the Variable Structure Control (VSC) technique. The designed ride height control system converges in probability to be asymptotically stable in the sliding motion band, and the desired control law is solved to ensure the stable adjustment of the ride height system. Simulation results show that the proposed stochastic VSC method is effective for the dynamic adjusting of the ride height. Finally, the semiphysical rig test illustrates the applicability of the proposed scheme

Mitochondrial COI sequences revealed shallow but significant divergences among Amphioctopus aegina (Octopoda, Octopodidae) populations in coastal waters of China

Amphioctopus aegina is an important fishery resource in the coastal waters of China. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population genetic structure among four populations of A. aegina throughout its distributional range in China were assessed using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) sequences. The results revealed a generally low genetic diversity (Hd: 0.2842–0.6670; Pi: 0.0007–0.0015) in A. aegina populations. The neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree and the haplotype networks, as well as the results of the molecular variance (AMOVA) analyses, indicated a shallow phylogeographic structure among the four populations. However, pairwise ΦST statistics and genetic distance analyses revealed significant (p<0.01) genetic differentiation among Qinzhou and the rest three populations of Zhanjiang, Huizhou, and Dongshan. The demographic history analyses indicated a population expansion in A. aegina, and the role of Leizhou peninsula isolation in shaping the population differentiation. These results would largely enhance our understanding of the genetic structure and hence promote the scientific management of A. aegina fishery resources in coastal waters of China

Single-Molecule Real-Time Transcript Sequencing Identified Flowering Regulatory Genes in Crocus Sativus

Background: Saffron crocus (Crocus sativus) is a valuable spice with medicinal uses in gynaecopathia and nervous system diseases. Identify flowering regulatory genes plays a vital role in increasing flower numbers, thereby resulting in high saffron yield. Results: Two full length transcriptome gene sets of flowering and non-flowering saffron crocus were established separately using the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing method. A total of sixteen SMRT cells generated 22.85 GB data and 75,351 full-length saffron crocus unigenes on the PacBio RS II panel and further obtained 79,028 SSRs, 72,603 lncRNAs and 25,400 alternative splicing (AS) events. Using an Illumina RNA-seq platform, an additional fifteen corms with different flower numbers were sequenced. Many differential expression unigenes (DEGs) were screened separately between flowering and matched non-flowering top buds with cold treatment (1677), flowering top buds of 20 g corms and non-flowering top buds of 6 g corms (1086), and flowering and matched nonflowering lateral buds (267). A total of 62 putative flower-related genes that played important roles in vernalization (VRNs), gibberellins (G3OX, G2OX), photoperiod (PHYB, TEM1, PIF4), autonomous (FCA) and age (SPLs) pathways were identified and a schematic representation of the flowering gene regulatory network in saffron crocus was reported for the first time. After validation by real-time qPCR in 30 samples, two novel genes, PB.20221.2 (p = 0.004, r = 0.52) and PB.38952.1 (p = 0.023, r = 0.41), showed significantly higher expression levels in flowering plants. Tissue distribution showed specifically high expression in flower organs and time course expression analysis suggested that the transcripts increasingly accumulated during the flower development period. Conclusions: Full-length transcriptomes of flowering and non-flowering saffron crocus were obtained using a combined NGS short-read and SMRT long-read sequencing approach. This report is the first to describe the flowering gene regulatory network of saffron crocus and establishes a reference full-length transcriptome for future studies on saffron crocus and other Iridaceae plants

The Novel Monkeypox Outbreak: What Should We Know and Reflect On?

While the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the world is on high alert regarding the second public health threat of a global monkeypox outbreak. Monkeypox, a relative of smallpox, is a zoonotic disease that was initially restricted to Africa. However, a novel outbreak has occurred in Europe, a non-endemic region, starting in May 2022. In the face of this unprecedented event, people should be aware of several crucial facts regarding monkeypox to support global public health prevention and control of the outbreak, including pathogenetic epidemiological and diagnostic aspects. As the cases outside Africa rapidly increase, including in a large proportion of men who have sex with men, thinking about the potential effects on global public health, as well as the shifting epidemiological trends of monkeypox and the insights from this novel outbreak, will be crucial

Non-linear ICA Analysis of Resting-State fMRI in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Compared to linear independent component analysis (ICA), non-linear ICA is more suitable for the decomposition of mixed components. Existing studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data by using linear ICA assume that the brain's mixed signals, which are caused by the activity of brain, are formed through the linear combination of source signals. But the application of the non-linear combination of source signals is more suitable for the mixed signals of brain. For this reason, we investigated statistical differences in resting state networks (RSNs) on 32 healthy controls (HC) and 38 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients using post-nonlinear ICA. Post-nonlinear ICA is one of the non-linear ICA methods. Firstly, the fMRI data of all subjects was preprocessed. The second step was to extract independent components (ICs) of fMRI data of all subjects. In the third step, we calculated the correlation coefficient between ICs and RSN templates, and selected ICs of the largest spatial correlation coefficient. The ICs represent the corresponding RSNs. After finding out the eight RSNs of MCI group and HC group, one sample t-tests were performed. Finally, in order to compare the differences of RSNs between MCI and HC groups, the two-sample t-tests were carried out. We found that the functional connectivity (FC) of RSNs in MCI patients was abnormal. Compared with HC, MCI patients showed the increased and decreased FC in default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), dorsal attention network (DAN), somato-motor network (SMN), visual network(VN), MCI patients displayed the specifically decreased FC in auditory network (AN), self-referential network (SRN). The FC of core network (CN) did not reveal significant group difference. The results indicate that the abnormal FC in RSNs is selective in MCI patients

Secondary infection with Streptococcus suis serotype 7 increases the virulence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and <it>Streptococcus suis </it>are common pathogens in pigs. In samples collected during the porcine high fever syndrome (PHFS) outbreak in many parts of China, PRRSV and <it>S. suis </it>serotype 7 (SS7) have always been isolated together. To determine whether PRRSV-SS7 coinfection was the cause of the PHFS outbreak, we evaluated the pathogenicity of PRRSV and/or SS7 in a pig model of single and mixed infection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Respiratory disease, diarrhea, and anorexia were observed in all infected pigs. Signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease were observed in the highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV)-infected pigs (4/12) and the coinfected pigs (8/10); however, the symptoms of the coinfected pigs were clearly more severe than those of the HP-PRRSV-infected pigs. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the coinfected pigs (8/10) than in the HP-PRRSV- (2/12) and SS7-infected pigs (0/10). The deceased pigs of the coinfected group had symptoms typical of PHFS, such as high fever, anorexia, and red coloration of the ears and the body. The isolation rates of HP-PRRSV and SS7 were higher and the lesion severity was greater in the coinfected pigs than in monoinfected pigs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HP-PRRSV infection increased susceptibility to SS7 infection, and coinfection of HP-PRRSV with SS7 significantly increased the pathogenicity of SS7 to pigs.</p