Adeno-Associated Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Large Animals and Their Impact on Brain Intraparenchymal Gene Transfer

Pre-existing neutralizing antibody (NAb) against adeno-associated virus (AAV) commonly found in primates is a major host barrier that can severely compromise in vivo gene transfer by AAV vectors. To achieve proof-of-concept success in clinical development of recombinant AAV (rAAV)-based in vivo gene therapy, it is crucial to consider the potential interference of NAb and to enroll serologically compatible study subjects. In this study, we report a large AAV NAb dataset comprising multiple large animal species and AAV serotypes and compare two NAb assays based on in vitro or in vivo transduction inhibition, respectively. Together with previously published AAV seroepidemiology studies, these data can serve as a reference for selecting suitable serotypes, study subjects of large animal species, and potentially human patients for rAAV treatment. In addition, we modeled the intrathalamus rAAV9 delivery in the presence of circulating anti-AAV9 NAb generated by either pre-immunization or passive transfer of NAb-positive large animal serum to mice. The data showed that circulating NAb may not be the sole determinant to inhibit braintransduction. Other aspects of pre-existing AAV immunity following natural infection or rAAV administration may be further studied to establish a more accurate inclusion criterion for clinical studies employing intraparenchymal rAAV9 injections

Double-layered hollow carbon sphere with large interlayer space combined with Co-SnS cat. as efficient sulfur hosts for Li-S batteries

The low sulfur utilization and the serious shuttle effect of polysulfides severely hamper practical application of Li-S batteries. Herein, sulfur cathodes with the multi-functional structures, featured with double-layered hollow carbon sphere with up to 50 nm interlayer space (DLHC-50) in situ grown Co-SnS catalytic layer is designed and synthesized for lithium sulfur batteries. Co-SnS/DLHC-50 can encapsulate 72% sulfur, higher than 63% for Co-SnS/DLHC-20 due to the large interlayer spaces of DLHC-50. Meanwhile, polysulfides are also effectively restricted via physical entrapment from DLHC-50 as well as chemical binding between CoSnS and polysulfides. Benefiting from the well-constructed host framework, Co-SnS/DLHC-50 @S shows higher specific capacity/capacity retention of 760.4 mA h g-1/72.9% after 500 cycles at 0.5 C, than that of 546.5 mA h g-1/62.2% and 668.9 mA h g-1/62.2%, for DLHC-50 @S, and Co-SnS/DLHC-20 @S, respectively. In addition, the strategy can be also extended to prepare other metal oxides (sulfides)/DLHC-50 for wide applications. Therefore, this work demonstrates a promising route to combat some bottlenecks such as low sulfur utilization, and the shuttle effect of polysulfides for Li-S batteries. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Synthesis of double-layered hollow carbon spheres with large interlayer space as sulfur hosts for Li-S batteries

Double-layered hollow carbon spheres (DLHC) were widely used as sulfur matrix for Li-S batteries. However, DLHC with 20-30 nm interlayer distances between carbon shells were reported due to the difficult controllable synthesis of monodisperse silica template (< 200 nm) in the Stober method, leading to low sulfur utilization. Here, DLHC with the interlayer space up to 50 nm (DLHC-50) is synthesized by controlling hydrolysis rate of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) using ammonia/LiOH as catalysts. DLHC-50 based sulfur cathode contains high sulfur content of 82%, and exhibits excellent cycling and rate performances. This research provides guidance for synthesis of DLHC with high sulfur utilization

Enhanced adhesion and electrochemical performance of Si anodes with gum arabic grafted poly(acrylic acid) as a water-soluble binder

Gum arabic grafted poly(acrylic acid) (GA-g-PAA) is synthesized as a mechanically robust water-soluble binder for silicon (Si) anodes in lithium-ion batteries by graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto GA backbone via a free radical reaction. H-1 NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis are systematically conducted to confirm the grafting polymerization process. GA-g-PAA with different grafting length of PAA shows enhanced adhesion strength and excellent flexibility after grafting. Optimal Si-GA-g-8PAA electrode displays better cyclic stability, higher Coulombic efficiency and superior rate properties compared with a Si electrode with linear PAA binder. The Si-GA-g-8PAA electrode exhibits a high electrical conductivity, low interfacial/charge transfer resistance and high lithium-ion diffusion coefficient. GA-g-8PAA binder with grafted structure not only can maintain the mechanical and electrical integrity of the electrode, facilitating favorable electrochemical kinetics, but also assists in preserving a stable solid electrolyte interphase on Si surface upon long-term cycling. Such a facile strategy for designing a novel grafted binder shows potential for practical application on high-capacity anode materials with large volume change. (c) 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry

Crosslinkable aqueous binders containing Arabic gum-grafted-poly (acrylic acid) and branched polyols for Si anode of lithium-ion batteries

Arabic gum grafted poly (acrylic acid) (GA-g-PAA) is prepared through a free radical graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto Arabic gum. Crosslinkable aqueous binder is developed by combining GA-g-PAA and branched polyols (pentaerythrotol, PER; triethanolamine, TEOA) as crosslinking agent for Si anodes of lithium-ion batteries. The aqueous composite binder undergoes crosslinking at about 110 degrees C to form robust crosslinked networks, matching well with the processing temperature of the electrode sheet in industry. GA-g-PAA/PER binder displays higher adhesion strength than GA-g-PAA and GA-g-PAA/TEOA. The Si electrode with GA-g-PAA/PER exhibits a slightly better cycling stability at 0.2C for 100 cycles, better rate capability than GA-g-PAA and GA-g-PAA/TEOA. At a high rate of 1C, Si electrode with GA-g-PAA/P delivers a higher specific capacity of 1968.1 mAhg(-1) with a better capacity retention of 57.5% when compared with those with GA-g-PAA and GA-g-PAA/T binder

Better cycle stability and rate capability of high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode using water soluble binder

5 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathodes are prepared using carboxymethyl chitosan (CCTS) as a water soluble binder and carbon coated aluminum foils (CAI) as current collector in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). CCTS exhibits an electrochemical oxidation potential as high as 5.0 V. The electrochemical performance of LNMO cathode with CCTS binder is investigated and compared with the commercial non-aqueous polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). CCTS-CAl-LNMO electrode shows higher capacity retention (95.8%) than that of PVDF-CAI-LNMO (92.9%) and PVDF-Al-LNMO (88.52%) after 100 cycles. And, CCTS-CAl-LNMO electrode exhibits better rate capability than PVDF-CAI-LNMO, and PVDF-Al-LNMO, retaining specific capacity of 95.8 mAhg(-1) at IOC rate, only 87.6 mAhg(-1) and 1 mAhg(-1) for PVDF-CAI-LNMO, and PVDF-Al-LNMO, respectively. This approach can also be extended its use to other cathode materials such as LiNiii 3Co(1/3)Mn(1/3)O(2) (NCM). (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

RESEARCH ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE INPUT SHAFT’S CONNECTION METHOD OF A AGITATOR

In order to solve the problem that a input shaft of the agitator 34-M-2001 in a polypropylene device produce cracks repeatedly in the same key groove after a certain period of time. Considering the installation space,economic,practical and other important factors. This paper proposed an improvement plan and demonstrate the feasibility of the program. According to the main reasons for the crack caused by the input shaft and the fact that it is not suitable to change the structural size of other positions of the shaft. An improved scheme of changing the key connection mode of the shaft to the keyless connection mode was proposed. The theoretical analysis method and finite element method were used to demonstrate the improvement scheme. The results showed that the keyless connection could significantly improve the safety factor of the shaft; It could also avoid the occurrence of stress concentration in the key groove,so the maximum stress value of the shaft under rated operating conditions was greatly reduced. If the program is used,the mechanical strength of the input shaft could be greatly increased,and the service life of the shaft could also be effectively improved. The above researches have a certain reference value in improving the mechanical performance and service life of the key transmission parts

Enhanced reversible lithium storage in a nano-Si/MWCNT free-standing paper electrode prepared by a simple filtration and post sintering process

Nano-Si/(multi-wall carbon nanotube) (Si/MWCNT) composite paper was prepared as flexible electrode for lithium ion batteries by a simple filtration method using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a dispersing/binding agent, followed by a thermal sintering process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that nanosized Si particles were dispersed homogeneously and intertwined by the MWCNT throughout the whole paper electrode. After thermal sintering, Si/MWCNT paper electrode exhibited a significantly improved flexibility with a high Si content of 35.6 wt% as compared with before sintering, and retained a specific capacity of 942 mAh g(-1) after 30 cycles with a capacity fade of 0.46%/cycle. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p

Carboxymethyl chitosan: A new water soluble binder for Si anode of Li-ion batteries

Carboxymethyl chitosan (C-chitosan) is investigated as a new water soluble binder for Si anode of Li-ion batteries. The Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements reveal that the strong hydrogen bonding is formed between the hydroxylated Si surface and the polar groups (-OH, -COOH and -NH2) of C-chitosan. The Si/C-chitosan anode (Si:carbon black:C-chitosan = 62:30:8 in weight ratio) exhibits a high first discharge capacity (4270 mAh g(-1)) with a first coulombic efficiency of 89%, and maintains a capacity of 950 mAh g(-1) at the current density of 500 mA g(-1) over 50 cycles. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Confining selenium disulfide in 3D sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon for rechargeable lithium batteries

Selenium disulfide (SeS2) exhibits attractive advantages beyond naked selenium and sulfur as an electroactive material for lithium storage. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected, sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon (ISMC) with a sulfur content of 9.3 wt% has been prepared by a simple in-situ constructing strategy to confine SeS2 for lithium batteries. The sulfur doping enhances the conductivity of the carbon matrix and inhibits the diffusion of polysulfides and polyselenides, while the 3D mesoporous network facilitates fast electron and ion transport. Benefiting from the synergy between sulfur doping and 3D network architecture, the SeS2@ISMC composite displays a high reversible capacity of 486 mAh g(-1) after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g(-1) and outstanding rate capability of 465 mAh g(-1) at 4 A g(-1)