A classification of emerging and traditional grid systems

The grid has evolved in numerous distinct phases. It started in the early ’90s as a model of metacomputing in which supercomputers share resources; subsequently, researchers added the ability to share data. This is usually referred to as the first-generation grid. By the late ’90s, researchers had outlined the framework for second-generation grids, characterized by their use of grid middleware systems to “glue” different grid technologies together. Third-generation grids originated in the early millennium when Web technology was combined with second-generation grids. As a result, the invisible grid, in which grid complexity is fully hidden through resource virtualization, started receiving attention. Subsequently, grid researchers identified the requirement for semantically rich knowledge grids, in which middleware technologies are more intelligent and autonomic. Recently, the necessity for grids to support and extend the ambient intelligence vision has emerged. In AmI, humans are surrounded by computing technologies that are unobtrusively embedded in their surroundings. However, third-generation grids’ current architecture doesn’t meet the requirements of next-generation grids (NGG) and service-oriented knowledge utility (SOKU).4 A few years ago, a group of independent experts, arranged by the European Commission, identified these shortcomings as a way to identify potential European grid research priorities for 2010 and beyond. The experts envision grid systems’ information, knowledge, and processing capabilities as a set of utility services.3 Consequently, new grid systems are emerging to materialize these visions. Here, we review emerging grids and classify them to motivate further research and help establish a solid foundation in this rapidly evolving area

Modules-at-infinity for quantum vertex algebras

This is a sequel to \cite{li-qva1} and \cite{li-qva2} in a series to study vertex algebra-like structures arising from various algebras such as quantum affine algebras and Yangians. In this paper, we study two versions of the double Yangian $DY_{\hbar}(sl_{2})$, denoted by $DY_{q}(sl_{2})$ and $DY_{q}^{\infty}(sl_{2})$ with $q$ a nonzero complex number. For each nonzero complex number $q$, we construct a quantum vertex algebra $V_{q}$ and prove that every $DY_{q}(sl_{2})$-module is naturally a $V_{q}$-module. We also show that $DY_{q}^{\infty}(sl_{2})$-modules are what we call $V_{q}$-modules-at-infinity. To achieve this goal, we study what we call $\S$-local subsets and quasi-local subsets of \Hom (W,W((x^{-1}))) for any vector space $W$, and we prove that any $\S$-local subset generates a (weak) quantum vertex algebra and that any quasi-local subset generates a vertex algebra with $W$ as a (left) quasi module-at-infinity. Using this result we associate the Lie algebra of pseudo-differential operators on the circle with vertex algebras in terms of quasi modules-at-infinity.Comment: Latex, 48 page

On quantum vertex algebras and their modules

We give a survey on the developments in a certain theory of quantum vertex algebras, including a conceptual construction of quantum vertex algebras and their modules and a connection of double Yangians and Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebras with quantum vertex algebras.Comment: 18 pages; contribution to the proceedings of the conference in honor of Professor Geoffrey Maso

MEMS-actuated wavelength drop filter based on microsphere whispering gallery modes

MEMS-enabled tuneable optical coupling between optical microsphere resonators and optical fibre waveguides is reported. We describe the design, fabrication and experimental characterization of a MEMS platform, based on electrothermal actuators, which controls the resonator-to-waveguide separation. We compare the simulated and experimental displacements of the actuators in an unloaded and loaded state, where the load is a 1 mm optical spherical resonator. We then demonstrate the proof of concept application of selective wavelength dropping using the MEMS platform by modulating the coupling between the spherical resonator and a tapered optical fibre waveguide

Shock Waves and Cosmological Matrix Models

We find the shock wave solutions in a class of cosmological backgrounds with a null singularity, each of these backgrounds admits a matrix description. A shock wave solution breaks all supersymmetry meanwhile indicates that the interaction between two static D0-branes cancel, thus provides basic evidence for the matrix description. The probe action of a D0-brane in the background of another suggests that the usual perturbative expansion of matrix model breaks down.Comment: 10 pages, harvmav, v2: some comments on instability added, v3: version to appear in JHE

The pointer basis and the feedback stabilization of quantum systems

The dynamics for an open quantum system can be `unravelled' in infinitely many ways, depending on how the environment is monitored, yielding different sorts of conditioned states, evolving stochastically. In the case of ideal monitoring these states are pure, and the set of states for a given monitoring forms a basis (which is overcomplete in general) for the system. It has been argued elsewhere [D. Atkins et al., Europhys. Lett. 69, 163 (2005)] that the `pointer basis' as introduced by Zurek and Paz [Phys. Rev. Lett 70, 1187(1993)], should be identified with the unravelling-induced basis which decoheres most slowly. Here we show the applicability of this concept of pointer basis to the problem of state stabilization for quantum systems. In particular we prove that for linear Gaussian quantum systems, if the feedback control is assumed to be strong compared to the decoherence of the pointer basis, then the system can be stabilized in one of the pointer basis states with a fidelity close to one (the infidelity varies inversely with the control strength). Moreover, if the aim of the feedback is to maximize the fidelity of the unconditioned system state with a pure state that is one of its conditioned states, then the optimal unravelling for stabilizing the system in this way is that which induces the pointer basis for the conditioned states. We illustrate these results with a model system: quantum Brownian motion. We show that even if the feedback control strength is comparable to the decoherence, the optimal unravelling still induces a basis very close to the pointer basis. However if the feedback control is weak compared to the decoherence, this is not the case

SLOCC invariant and semi-invariants for SLOCC classification of four-qubits

We show there are at least 28 distinct true SLOCC entanglement classes for four-qubits by means of SLOCC invariant and semi-invariants and derive the number of the degenerated SLOCC classes for n-qubits.Comment: 22 pages, no figures, 9 tables, submit the paper to a journa

Tunnelling Effect and Hawking Radiation from a Vaidya Black Hole

In this paper, we extend Parikh' work to the non-stationary black hole. As an example of the non-stationary black hole, we study the tunnelling effect and Hawking radiation from a Vaidya black hole whose Bondi mass is identical to its mass parameter. We view Hawking radiation as a tunnelling process across the event horizon and calculate the tunnelling probability. We find that the result is different from Parikh's work because $\frac{dr_{H}}{dv}$ is the function of Bondi mass m(v)