The Derivation of Verb-copying Sentence in Mandarin Chinese

The verb-copying sentence is a special sentence in Chinese and has received extensive attention from the academic circles. Under the framework of Distributed Morphology and MP, the article makes a modified adjustment to the structure derived by phase from the narrow syntax through the post-syntactic “Feature Copying” operation, which is simply the ornamental adjustment to the resulting syntactic structure, to better explain the verb-copying sentence. This analysis does not require a specific syntactic structural hierarchy and is more natural in theory. It is also consistent with mainstream ideas such as lexical array and derivation by phase under the framework of MP

A Phase-based Approach to Possessor-subject Possessee-object Sentence in Chinese

Possessor-subject possessee-object sentence is a particular construction with unique features in Chinese. Many studies have been carried out regarding its derivation and the status of the different nouns in the construction, i. e., the possessor, the possessee and the whole possessive phrase. It remains controversial whether Chinese Topic is base-generated or derived through movement. Based on the Phase Theory of Minimalism, this paper re-examines some Chinese possessor Topic Constructions. It is proposed that before the possessor movement the possessor and the possessee are base-generated in the same DP. When this DP is not in the edge position of a Phase, that is, not in Spec-CP or Spec-v*P, the possessor can move to the Topic position. Namely, the possessor is moved to its final landing site (i. e. Spec-TopicP) from inside the possessive phrase, and the reason for its movement lies in the need for the checking of Topic feature. Otherwise, owing to the violation of the Specifier Condition, the derived construction will be ill-formed. As to T’s EPP feature, we propose that it is checked and eliminated via long-distance agreement by the in-situ possessor phrase. This new perspective provides evidence for the hypothesis that Chinese Topic is derived through movement

On College English Teaching in China from the Perspective of MP in Generative Grammar Theory

This paper discusses how the theory of MP in generative grammar can be used in College English teaching in China. The author holds that a brand-new teaching paradigm- autonomous English learning-will be built if certain theories and principles of Minimalist Program (MP) are used in China’s college classroom teaching. College teachers of English apply theories of lexicon, derivation by phase under the framework of MP in generative grammar and organization strategies into their English teaching and learning appropriately and college students will renew their English learning ideas, their learning interest will be stimulated and their enthusiasm and initiative in active English learning will be enhanced

The K1,2K_{1,2}-structure-connectivity of graphs

In this paper, we mainly investigate $K_{1,2}$-structure-connectivity for any connected graph. Let $G$ be a connected graph with $n$ vertices, we show that $\kappa(G; K_{1,2})$ is well-defined if $diam(G)\geq 4$, or $n\equiv 1\pmod 3$, or $G\notin \{C_{5},K_{n}\}$ when $n\equiv 2\pmod 3$, or there exist three vertices $u,v,w$ such that $N_{G}(u)\cap (N_{G}(v,w)\cup\{v,w\})=\emptyset$ when $n\equiv 0\pmod 3$. Furthermore, if $G$ has $K_{1,2}$-structure-cut, we prove $\kappa(G)/3\leq\kappa(G; K_{1,2})\leq\kappa(G)$.Comment: 18 pages,15 figure

Reduced-Order Projective Synchronization of Hyper-Chaotic L\"{U} System and Chen System

By selecting non-zero constant as a scaling factor, we design a reduced-order projective synchronization scheme for synchronizing the fourth-order hyper-chaotic L\"{u} system and the third-order chaotic Chen system. To this end, a nonlinear synchronization controller is constructed. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme in this paper

Impacts of traffic interventions on road safety : an application of causal models

This thesis is concerned with the causal relationship between traffic interventions and road safety. It focuses on two issues that have been overlooked in the existing empirical literature: the establishment of a causal link between traffic interventions and road traffic accidents, and the application and development of formal causal approaches, which have not yet been applied in the field of road safety. In the past decades substantial studies have been conducted to investigate the risk factors contributing to road accidents. It has been shown that the frequency and severity of road accidents are associated with various factors, including traffic characteristics, road environment and demographic characteristics. However, the existence of a causal link between traffic interventions and road accidents remains unclear due to the complex character of traffic interventions. Meanwhile, the lack of formal causal models makes it difficult fully to address issues such as confounding effects and regression to the mean bias. This thesis begins by reviewing and discussing different types of traffic interventions in order to demonstrate the chains through which traffic interventions are related to road safety. To address the shortcomings in empirical literature, three models for causal inferences are discussed: the difference-in-difference method, the propensity score matching method and Bayesian methods. These formal causal approaches are then applied to three empirical studies: the London congestion charging scheme, speed limit enforcement cameras, and the road network design. The conventional models are also employed and compared with formal causal models.Open Acces