1,695 research outputs found
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Education and Training Funded by the H-1B Visa Fee and the Demand for Information Technology and Other Professional Specialty Workers
CRS_April_2005_Education_and_Training_Funded_by_the_H_1B.pdf: 1087 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020
Self-Employment as a Contributor to Job Growth and as an Alternative Work Arrangement
CRS_September_2004_Self_Employment_as_a_Contributor_to_Job_Growth.pdf: 560 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020
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Explanation of and Experience Under the Family and Medical Leave Act
CRS_February_2003_Explanation_of_Experience_Under_FMLA.pdf: 1196 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020
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The Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and the Welfare-to-Work (WtW) Tax Credit
The Work Opportunity Tax Credit and Welfare-to-Work Tax Credit are
temporary provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Since their initiation in the mid-1990s, the Congress has allowed the credits to lapse four of the five times they were up for reauthorization. In each instance, they were reinstated retroactive to their expiration dates as part of large tax-related measures. The employment tax credits never have been addressed independently of broader legislation. This report describes the WOTC and WtW Tax Credit and outlines issues for members of Congress
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Youth: From Classroom to Workplace?
Much attention has been devoted to the implications of the aging of the U.S. population for the future supply of labor to the nation’s employers, but little of the discourse about remedies has addressed the younger members of the working-age population. This paper examines issues such as whether the youngest replacements for retiring baby-boomers are being fully utilized in the sense that most teenagers and young adults successfully transition from the classroom to the workplace and which 16-24 year olds are, instead, more likely to impose costs on society rather than contribute to the economy as taxpayers. In addition, the report identifies risk factors for out-of-school and out-of work youth including characteristics of the neighborhoods in which they live, the proximity of those neighborhoods to jobs, and the characteristics of their families. The report concludes that the results of empirical research suggest that a comprehensive youth employment policy would include training programs that provide, among other things, work experience to young students raised in poor inner-city neighborhoods; delinquency prevention measures, particularly for low-income children with incarcerated family and friends; changes to public transportation and to housing patterns to give at-risk youth greater access to areas of job growth; enhanced enforcement of employment and housing discrimination laws; and neighborhood workforce as well as community/economic development initiatives
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The Gender Wage Gap and Pay Equity: Is Comparable Worth the Next Step?
This report examines the trend in the male-female wage gap and the explanations offered for its existence. Remedies proposed for the gender wage gap’s amelioration are addressed, with an in-depth focus on the comparable worth approach to achieving “pay equity” or “fair pay” between women and men
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Unemployment Through Layoffs and Offshore Outsourcing
[Excerpt] Unemployment can come about in a number of ways, but the form of unemployment that policymakers have shown they are most concerned about involves workers who have involuntarily lost jobs through no fault of their own. Unemployment through layoffs ebbs and flows with the business cycle, but involuntary job loss is ever-present because firms displace workers for reasons other than temporarily weak demand. Employers also layoff employees for reasons specific to the firm or the industry in which the firm lies (e.g., corporate restructuring and seasonality).
One means of restructuring work—namely, outsourcing—has spread from employers contracting out functions to other affiliated or nonaffiliated employers in the United States, to employers contracting out activities to affiliated or nonaffiliated employers located outside U.S. borders. The latter business practice is referred to as offshore outsourcing or offshoring.
Until the eleventh postwar recession began in December 2007, offshoring had driven much of the interest in job loss and economic insecurity more generally. Some members of the public policy community have been suggesting that offshoring has contributed to the sluggish pace of job growth thus far in the recovery period since the recession’s end in June 2009. But, no database exists that provides anything approximating a complete count of workers separated from payrolls because their company relocated their functions beyond U.S. borders.
Starting in 2004, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Mass Layoff Statistics program began to query firms in the private nonfarm sector that call long-lasting large-scale layoffs about whether these events involve the offshoring of work. In addition to excluding layoffs at small firms and in the public sector, the statistical series does not cover layoffs in which fewer than 50 employees are terminated. It thus is likely to understate layoffs associated with offshore outsourcing generally and with those involving white-collar workers in the service sector particularly (e.g., accounting clerks at financial services firms, radiologists at medical services providers).
This report briefly reviews the various databases that provide information on layoffs. It then examines the trend in mass layoff activity generally before focusing on quarterly outsourcing data derived from the above-described BLS program on extended mass layoffs.
In brief, mass layoff activity is up markedly which reflects the lingering impact of the 2007-2009 recession on the labor market. With regard to outsourcing—particularly of work moving offshore—the BLS series shows it is uncommon in extended mass layoffs and accounts for fairly few separated workers. Relocation of work most often occurs within the United States and within the same company. Most workers separated in extended mass layoffs involving domestic or offshore outsourcing had been employed by manufacturers. In extended mass layoffs associated with the movement of work offshore, jobs most often are shifted to Mexico and China
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The Family and Medical Leave Act: Current Legislative Activity
[Excerpt] Congress passed the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) as a means of helping individuals more easily balance their family and work obligations. Over the past few decades, married mothers with young children increasingly have strived to fulfill both workplace and child-rearing obligations. With the enactment of welfare reform legislation, greater numbers of single parents also have had to meet the challenge of caring for their children while holding down jobs. Further, the aging of the population and lengthening life spans have made it more likely that workers will assume caregiving duties for elderly relatives, friends, and neighbors.
This report begins with a brief overview of the major features of the FMLA and its regulations. The various proposals made to amend the act since its inception are then categorized and discussed. It closes with a review of legislative activity
The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)
In February 2004, S. 2090 (the Jobs for America Act) was introduced to amend the provisions of the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN) about giving advance notice of mass layoffs and plant closings in order to assist employees who lose their jobs as a result of offshore outsourcing (also referred t4, as offshoring) and to obtain statistics on job losses that result from U .S. companies sending work formerly performed by employees located in the United States to companies located in other countries . A few years earlier, the job losses associated with the September 2001 terrorist attacks and with the recession that ended in November 2001 combined to renew interest in the only piece of federal legislation - the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act -designed specifically for those who become unemployed as part of mass layoffs and plant closings
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Countercyclical Job Creation Programs of the Post-World War II Era
CRS_January_2003_Countercyclical_Job_Creation_Programs_of_the_Post_WWII_Era.pdf: 618 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020
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