L'ECHOGRAPHIE: SON PRINCIPE, SES INDICATIONS

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Diagnostic use of ultrasonics in abortion: a study of 250 patients

Diagnostic ultrasound, two dimensional echography, and Doppler fetal heart detection were used in 250 patients with clinical symptoms or medical history of threatened abortion. Ultrasound was found to be an accurate diagnostic procedure in 96% of the 224 women in whom ultrasound diagnosis was indicated and in 86% when all women studied were considered. This method appears to be very useful in demonstrating the growth of the gestation sac and fetus, placental retention, and whether the uterus is empty. The patient's hospital stay can be shortened when it is recognized that the uterus is empty.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

ESTIMATION DE L'AGE FOETAL. ETUDE COMPARATIVE DES METHODES

The fact that there are several methods in use to estimate the age or the maturity of the fetus results in the choice of one or more techniques which can be chosen according to the information that the clinician wishes to receive and the value of the methods at his disposal. The various methods are reviewed and discussed: the levels, found in amniotic fluid, of creatinine, bilirubin, phospholipids, estriol and counting cells stained with Nile blue as well as radiology and ultrasonic scans. The results obtained by all these methods can differ greatly. The other methods that are available are practically worthless. The author concludes that ultrasonic scanning, combined with chemical studies of certain substances in the amniotic fluid, especially when the question of maturity is as important as the age of the fetus, gives the best way out of solving these problems.SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The history of ultrasound in gynecology 1950-1980

The pioneers of gynecological ultrasound were active from 1950 to 1960. In this period, compound contact scanning was developed. The disciples who followed were responsible for the explosive growth that had occurred by 1975. The indications for diagnostic ultrasound in gynecology were, first, in cystic and solid masses; they increased steadily to include nonpalpable pelvic masses, ascites, ovarian tumors, cervical lesions, early pregnancy, localization of intrauterine devices, cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease and many more. The techniques also evolved from A-mode, through two-dimensional B-mode, grey tones and special probes, to guided procedures. Signs of tissue anomalies and approaches to tissue characterization were explored. Figures were established to demonstrate the usefulness of diagnostic ultrasound in gynecology in numerous clinical conditions. The review ends with some personal recollections of the early workers, a discussion of the contemporary treatment of the safety of the method and notes on some of the first textbooks.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Perspectives pour l'amelioration du diagnostic echographique

SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Ultrasonic assessment of the high rate of human multiple pregnancy in the first trimester

SCOPUS: ar.jFLWNAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis: Polemics around routine ultrasound screening for second trimester fetal malformations

Ultrasound for routine fetal malformation screening has been polemical from its early beginning because of the very broad range of diagnosis rates disclosed, i.e. from 13% to 82%, average 27.5%. A review of available studies is proposed to assess objectively the efficacy of ultrasound, considering also economical, ethical and methodological aspects as influential factors for choosing a routine screening policy. The utility of fetal malformation diagnosis before birth is brought forward, including second opinion, karyotyping, poly-disciplinary case discussion prior to management. Method and material of reviewed studies considerably vary and might influence the sensitivity results, as the choice of the population sample and selection of pregnant women, gestation age at screening, distribution of malformation among systems or tracts, exclusion of some fetal malformation and the routine practice of autopsy. Efficiency of screening studies is compared, and among them Radius and Eurofetus studies. Average sensitivity is finally considered as satisfactory in the daily practice when operated by trained personnel. The importance of additional factors for successful screening are emphasized such as education, equipment quality and fetal ultrasound examination at different gestation age for a better understanding of natural history of fetal morphology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.SCOPUS: ar.jFLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

ULTRASONOGRAPHIE MAMMAIRE: HISTORIQUE ET PRINCIPES PHYSIQUES

Mammary supersonography is one of the most difficult applications of ultrasounds. Testing first began in 1951. The author discusses the physical elements of the behaviour of sounds in the mammary gland. For example, the wave propagation velocity, determined by the medium density, increases with the tenseness and decreases with the density. In addition, the fasciculus slope on the interface influences the amplitude of the deeper echos. A review of the physical concepts is necessary in order to understand the images and evaluate the respective merits of the different methods applied to mammary examination by ultrasounds: direct contact, immersed transducer, transducer and breasts immersed. Possible advantages and disadvantages as well as the Doppler effect applied to mammary examination are also discussed.SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

EXPLORATIONS PAR ULTRASONS EN GYNECOLOGIE OBSTETRIQUE

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The Use of Ultrasonic Biparietal Diameter Measurement Of The Fetus In Assessing Gestational Age

In 178 pregnant patients there was either inability to recall the date of the last menstrual period, or there was a clinical discrepancy between uterine growth and calculated duration of pregnancy. The author attempts to forecast the expected date of delivery by ultrasonic measurement of fetal biparietal diameter. When the 40th week was considered as a mean value, 96% of the patients delivered between the 37th and the 43rd week in the control group versus 84% in the study group. If the 41st week is taken as the mean value the corresponding figures are 94% and 91% respectively. 1971 Acta Obstet Gynecol ScandSCOPUS: ar.jFLWNAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe