How Far Do Children Move?: Spatial Distances after Leaving the Parental Home

Little is known about how far young adults move when they leave their parental home initially. We addressed this question using data from ten waves (2000 - 2009) of the German Socioeconomic Panel Study on spatial distances calculated by the geo-coordinates of residential moves (N = 1,425). Linear regression models predicted young adults· moving distance by factors at the individual, family, household, and community level. Overall, spatial distances of initial moveouts were strikingly small with a median value of only 9.5 kilometers. Those who were welleducated, female, single, childless, had highly educated fathers and high parental household incomes moved across greater distances. The effect of young adults· education was moderated by the local community·s degree of urbanization, supporting the brain drain assertion. In line with developmental models of migration, our results further show that young adults stayed closer if the parental household was still located at their place of childhood. We found two interactions with gender: At the family level, daughters stayed closer when leaving a single-parent household. At the community level, women from Eastern Germany moved farther, suggesting that the surplus of men in the Eastern periphery is at least to some extent an outcome of initial migration decisions.

On the locus of Prym curves where the Prym--canonical map is not an embedding

We prove that the locus of Prym curves $(C,\eta)$ of genus $g \geq 5$ for which the Prym-canonical system $|\omega_C(\eta)|$ is base point free but the Prym--canonical map is not an embedding is irreducible and unirational of dimension $2g+1$.Comment: Minor modifications. Final version, accepted for publication in Arkiv f\"or Matemati

Moduli of curves on Enriques surfaces

We compute the number of moduli of all irreducible components of the moduli space of smooth curves on Enriques surfaces. In most cases, the moduli maps to the moduli space of Prym curves are generically injective or dominant. Exceptional behaviour is related to existence of Enriques--Fano threefolds and to curves with nodal Prym-canonical model.Comment: Final version, to appear in Advances in Mathematic

Schenkungen und Erbschaften im Lebenslauf: vergleichende Längsschnittanalysen zu intergenerationalen Transfers

The research on private financial transfers between generations lacks a longitudinal perspective. Gifts as intergenerational transfers inter vivos allow us to study the importance of life course events for the chances of receiving transfers. In Germany, gifts are highly private and leave more scope for decision-making than the regulated bequests. Thus, gifts are better suited to test theories on family solidarity and transfer behavior. Our analysis focuses on larger transmissions, which parents and grandparents give to their descendents. Bequests provide a comparative reference to highlight similarities and differences between transfers inter vivos and mortis causa. In our account, gift-giving is purposive action driven primarily by economic needs of the receivers, but also by non-material aspects of family ties. Bequeathing is characterized as behavior which is not necessarily purposive and highly restricted by normative and legal obligations. Hypotheses for both types of transfers are tested with retrospective data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). We use event history models to study the effects of changes in the life course on the chances of receiving transfers. Increased chances to receive a large gift occur in the first years after marriage and also immediately after divorce. Women are clearly disadvantaged as their chances to receive a gift and the transfer amounts are considerably lower. In low status families, large transfers inter vivos are a rare event. If they occur, these gifts often replace bequests. In high status families, gifts are transferred more frequently, and often as a complement to subsequent bequests.Bequests, gifts, transfers, intergenerational solidarity, duration analysis

Application of lower Punch Vibration to improve the mechanical Stability of Tablets

A sufficient mechanical stability of tablets to be compacted prevents problems during tableting (e.g. sticking, capping, lamination) and is crucial with regard to further processing steps such as coating or packaging. Often, an improvement of the mechanical stability is only achievable by an adaption of the production settings (die disk speed) or an alteration of the powder blend composition. In the present study, a novel lower punch vibration device was developed and implemented on a rotary tablet press to improve the mechanical stability of the resulting tablets without changing the production conditions or the powder formulation. Various types of microcrystalline cellulose with different physical properties were selected. The powders were investigated concerning their powder flow, density, particle morphology and surface area and the tablets concerning their weight, tensile strength, and capping index. The results showed that externally applied lower punch vibration improved the mechanical stability of the investigated tablets beyond the adaption of the production settingss and the physical properties of the powder blend

Feasibility and usefulness of rapid 2-channel-EEG-monitoring (point-of-care EEG) for acute CNS disorders in the paediatric emergency department: an observational study

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and clinical utility of point-of-care electroencephalogram (pocEEG) in the paediatric emergency department (ED) for children presenting with acute non-traumatic central nervous system (CNS) disorders.MethodsRetrospective observational study of prospectively collected data in paediatric patients (0–16 years) with acute non-traumatic CNS-disorders presenting between April 2014 and February 2017 to a single paediatric ED in Switzerland.The 2-channel EEG was applied to all patients presenting with acute seizures or impaired consciousness to the ED. For a pocEEG, scalp surface electrodes are applied in five locations, thus allowing registration of fronto-temporal bilateral cortical activity. Neurology consultants assisted with interpretation of readings. EEG findings and clinical characteristics were collected. Feasibility and usefulness were rated via Likert scale.Results36 patients with acute seizures or altered mental status were analysed. Age range was 9 months to 15 years, median age of 34 months. 21 of 36 (58%) patients arrived out of hours. Application of electrodes was rated as ‘easy’ in 28 (77.8%) patients and rated as ‘difficult’ in 8 (22.2%). The utility of the EEG was rated by physicians as ‘very useful/diagnostic’ in 13 cases (36%), ‘useful’ in 21 cases (58%), ‘not useful’ in two cases (8%). None were rated ‘negative.’ConclusionUptake of pocEEG introduction has been very encouraging. Provider ratings were overwhelmingly positive. Recognition of non-convulsive status epilepticus was improved and pocEEG facilitated more targeted interventions

Interactive Anatomy Online

The scientific community and general public can best take advantage of the benefits of 3D digital reconstructions if they are stored in a Web-accessible, easy-to-access database. We describe MorphologyNet/sup /spl copy// a Web-based digital library of realistic, 3D interactive and customizable images of anatomy currently in development at the University of Missouri-Rolla

Linked Lives Within Families and Across Generations

Dramatic improvements in life expectancy coupled with declines in fertility have profoundly changed the structure of families. The number of living generations has increased whereas the size of each generation has decreased. One of the most important implications of this transformation “from pyramids to beanpoles” are longer years of shared lives between the generations. As a result, there is a remarkable increase in the availability of intergenerational kin as family resources and an extended period for supportive exchanges across the life course. These current and projected trends are changing the face of families and will possibly lead to shifts in the supportive behavior between the generations. This raises a variety of new questions about the nature and dynamics of intergenerational linkages, in particular with regard to the provision of instrumental assistance. How do family support systems adapt to future demographic, social, and economic conditions in ageing societies? More specifically, how do parents support their offspring’s passage to independence and protect them against the risks of contemporary life courses? Conversely, can future cohorts of elderly parents rely on their children to provide help and care in later life? This dissertation addresses these questions based on an integrative conceptual framework comprised of four analytical principles: A comprehensive life course perspective on intergenerational ties, covering multiple actors within families, considering the complexity of their relationships, and investigating the mechanisms that govern their supportive behavior. Five studies examine multiple transitions across the family life course, from leaving home to parental caregiving, thus covering and linking early, middle, and late periods of intergenerational relationships. The overarching goals of this dissertation are to enrich theoretical models guiding the study of intergenerational relationships, to advance our understanding of supportive behavior within families, and to close important gaps in the empirical literature by analyzing multiple linkages across the shared lifetime of parents and their adult children