The study of galectin-3, Ki-67, ubiquitin, HMGA-2 by polymerase chain reaction in real time (RT-PCR) in the puncture specimens of nodular goiter

Actuality. The differential diagnosis of follicular adenoma, follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the main topics of research. For this purpose several molecular markers were approbated, however their diagnostic effectiveness differs. Aim. Quantification of candidate mRNA markers for differentiated thyroid cancer (galectin-3, Ki-67, ubiquitin, HMGA2) using polymerase chain reaction in real time (RT-PCR) of thyroid nodules pre-operative material. To evaluate the efficiency of this method for thyroid malignancy diagnostics. Materials and methods. The study included 55 patients with a clinical diagnosis of nodular / multinodular goiter. A quantitative analysis of mRNA of galectin-3, Ki-67, ubiquitin, HMGA2 was performed on material puncture by reverse transcription and RT-PCR. The Second Derivative Maximum Method was used to analyze the results. Results. The study included 46 women (83.6%) and 8 men (14.5%). The average age of the patients was 52.1 (from 23 to 82) years old. According to the results of histological examination, there were 35 (63.6%) benign tumors, 20 (36.4%) – cancer tumors (papillary carcinoma). There were no cases of follicular cancer in the histological findings. We found significant differences in the expression of mRNA of the ubiquitin gene between malignant and benign thyroid nodules. Conclusion. The method of ubiquitin gene 8.24 mRNA estimation has a sensitivity of 68.4% and a specificity of 68.6% in the well-differentiated cancer diagnostics. The estimation of mRNA of gene Ki-67, galectin-3, HMGA by RT-PCR did not show itself as a reliable method for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in the preoperative stage

Possibilities traditional and liquid-based cytology combined with immunocytochemical detection of some molecular markers in the preoperative diagnosis of well-differentiated thyroid cancer

Aim. To establish the diagnostic value of liquid and traditional cytological diagnosis with immunocytochemical (ICC) detection proteins (galectin-3, nucleophosmin, Ki-67) in the preoperative diagnosis of well-differentiated thyroid cancer and analysis of the effect of the autoimmune process in the thyroid gland in the diagnostic accuracy. Materials and methods. The traditional liquid-based cytology was performed on 107 samples and immunocytochemistry performed on 56 samples with histological findings: colloid goiter in 24 cases, 4 cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 4 cases of follicular adenoma, 22 cases of papillary cancer. Results. The results of a comparison of cytological and histological findings. The results of studies of diagnostic accuracy expression of galectin-3, nucleophosmin, Ki-67 for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. A formula was developed to help determine the presence of malignancy in thyroid with high accuracy. Conclusion. The diagnostic accuracy of the method of liquid-based cytology is higher than the traditional method of cytology. ICC expression of Ki-67 method has 81.8% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Conjoint definition HS Ki-67 and liquid-based cytology increases the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of well-differentiated thyroid cancer preoperative to 100%. There no detected relations between the expression of galectin-3, NFM, Ki-67 and the presence an autoimmune process in the thyroid