The Development of Adjusting and Cost Analysis of Biogas Generator of Corrosion-Resistant

One of a multipurpose renewable energy for biogas, biogas for generation had high efficiency. However, biogas contains hydrogen sulfide, that hydrogen sulfide, result from parts of copper constituent corrosion, so that damage to the equipment. Now, it not's biogas special engine, so biogas must desulfurization, but now desulfurization technically can't be completely 100% remove hydrogen sulfide from biogas. Therefore, the problem of corrosion is still existence, it cause biogas use wish not high principal factor by breeders. In the cause of solve the problem of the hydrogen sulfide corrosion engine. This study converted diesel engine into biogas driven engine, engine converted Corrosion parts into corrosion-resistant materials and record process. We selected to installation testing in Changhua livestock farm, and record of biogas generator during operation maintenance cost and encountered of other difficulties. In the cause of solve the problem of the hydrogen sulfide corrosion engine. This study converted diesel engine into biogas driven engine, engine converted Corrosion parts into corrosion-resistant materials and record process. In this study, the biogas engine modified as follows: It susceptible to hydrogen sulfide parts of corrosion include crankshaft bearing and connecting rod bearing, because the bearing contain copper metal, the bearing susceptible to hydrogen sulfide corrosion, so converted the copper alloy into Babbitt metal; Crankshaft material of oil seal is rubber, rubber case of sulfide will harden and inelastic, and then lose it original purpose, so it will converted the rubber into Silicone resin material oil seal; Biogas can't be spontaneous combustion to produce power, therefore need to install the spark plug. According to the biogas generator modified in the using, although, biogas generator of corrosion resistant is high cost of about NT200,000 dollars, not only it can reduce the cost of installing desulfurization equipment, but also it reduced maintenance costs up to about NT51,000 dollars per year.沼氣為多用途的再生能源之一，用來做發電的效益高，但由於沼氣中含有0.2~0.5%的硫化氫，會造成引擎內部零件腐蝕導致設備損壞，且現今無沼氣專用引擎，目前國內使用之沼氣發電機的沼氣都必需經過脫硫之後才可以使用，但國內的脫硫技術無法完全百分之百去除沼氣中的硫化氫，所以導致引擎腐蝕問題，造成使用者對於沼氣利用意願不高的主因。為了解決硫化氫腐蝕引擎的問題，本研究以柴油引擎改裝為沼氣驅動引擎，將會受到硫化氫腐蝕之內部零件更換為耐腐蝕之材質並記錄其修改過程，修改零件有：易受硫化氫腐蝕之零件包含曲軸軸承與連桿軸承，因軸承成分含有銅金屬，容易受到硫化氫腐蝕，所以將含銅之材料更換為巴氏合金材質；曲軸的油封材質為一般橡膠，橡膠若遇硫化物會變硬且無彈性，進而造成油封容易產生裂痕失去原本的功能，所以將矽氧樹脂材質之油封來替換成橡膠；將噴油嘴替換火星塞點火。修改後之沼氣發電機雖然成本比原來之發電機高約20萬元，但減少了裝設脫硫設備之費用，每年可節省51,000元的維護成本

Study on Evaluation of Sulfamethazine Content in Duck's Liver Powder Using Self-Developed Near Infrared System

本研究以近紅外光技術(Near Infrared Spectroscopy, NIR)針對鴨肝粉中磺胺二甲嘧啶(Sulfamethazine, SMT)之殘留量進行掃描光譜。以自組近紅外線光譜分析儀，來量測鴨肝粉中SMT殘留量的反射光譜，以了解NIR對微量物的檢驗極限。利用多重線性迴歸(MLR)、修正之部份最小平方迴歸(MPLSR)、部份最小平方迴歸(PLSR)、主成份迴歸(PCR)等模式，以光譜進行迴歸分析再與實際SMT濃度值進行比較。本研究樣本濃度從0.001ppm至10ppm共有70個，以自組近紅外線光譜分析儀進行550至1100nm的光譜掃瞄。實驗結果顯示，校正組建立之校正方程式在選取四個波長組合，進行最佳模式分析其中以MPLSR之結果為最佳，其校正決定係數為0.864、標準校正誤差為1.206、相對校正誤差為1.978%、標準差為3.125；而其預測決定係數為0.858、標準預測誤差為1.201、相對預測誤差為2.12%、標準差與標準預測誤差之比值為2.602，其值越大表示預測結果越佳。當SMT濃度為1ppm以上時即可有效預測出SMT殘留量之濃度。The near infrared (NIR) technology was applied to determine the Sulfamethazine (SMT) concentration of duck's liver powder in this study. The reflectance absorbance spectra of duck's liver powder were scanned by the selfdeveloped NIR spectrometer, and were analyzed to evaluate the limitation of the prediction ability for the low concentration of the measuring object. The prediction models of SMT concentration were analyzed by multi-linear regression (MLR), modified partial least square regression (MPLSR), partial least square regression (PLSR) and principle component regression (PCR) through spectra then made comparison between the actual SMT values and predicted values. The SMT concentrations of 70 samples were varied from 0.001 ppm to 10 ppm. The calibration results of MPLSR, using the spectra with the first derivative math-treatment and wavelength range from 550 to 1100 nm, were the best according to the prediction accuracy. The calibration coefficient of determination (R(subscript c^2)) was equal to 0.864, the standard error of calibration (SEC) was equal to 1.206, and the relative standard error of calibration (RSEC) was equal to 1.978% for the calibration sets. The coefficient of determination of prediction (R(subscript p^2)) was equal to 0.858, standard deviation was equal to 3.125, the standard error of prediction (SEP) was equal to 1.201, the relative standard error of prediction (RSEP) was equal to 2.12%, and ratio of standard deviation to SEP (PRD) was equal to 2.602 for the prediction sets. This study verified the evaluating limitation of SMT concentration of duck's powder by the self-developed NIR system was 1 ppm