The impact of participation in the comprehensive and progressive trans-pacific partnership agreement on exports: The case of Vietnam

World Trade organization (WTO) accession can be seen as a milestone marking Vietnam's first step towards integration. The country is now trying to negotiate a number of free trade agreements called “new generation FTAs” in particular the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership - CPTPP (or TPP-11), which is expected to constitute the second step for Vi-etnam towards stronger integration. In addition to analyzing the characteristics of the CPTPP as a new generation FTA, this paper uses quantitative methods to forecast the impact of Vietnam’s CPTPP participation on the increase in exports. The results show that with the participation of the CPTPP, the average growth in Vietnam’s export turnover will increase by 1.9% compared with the non-CPTPP scenario. The paper also suggests measures to promote the export of Vietnamese goods in the context of participation in CPTPP

Credit composition and income inequality in Vietnam: an empirical analysis

Purpose This paper examines credit composition and income inequality reduction in Vietnam. In particular, the authors focus on the distinction between policy and commercial credits and investigate whether these two types of credit adversely affect on income inequality. The authors also examine whether the educational level and institutional quality condition the impact of policy credit on income inequality. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the primary data set, which contains a panel of 60 provinces collected from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2002 to 2016. The authors employ the generalized method of moments to solve the endogenous problem. Findings The authors show that while commercial credit increases income inequality, policy credit reduces income inequality in Vietnam. In addition, we provide evidence that the institutional quality and educational level condition the impact of policy credit on income inequality. Based on the findings, the paper implies that it was not the size of the private credit but its composition that mattered in reducing income inequality due to the asymmetric effects of different types of credit. Practical implication The government should focus on credit for the poor by helping them to exit poverty through investing in human capital, health and micro enterprises activities. Originality/value This is the first study that examines the links between the two components of credit and income inequality as well as the constraints of the links. The authors argue that analyzing the separate effects of commercial and policy credits is more important for explaining the role of credit in income inequality than the size of total credit

The impact of financial inclusion on income inequality in transition economies

inancial inclusion is considered as a critical factor that contributes to the reduction of income imbalance. This paper uses a two-stage least squares (2SLS) model and two different financial inclusion index to examine the impact of financial inclusion on income inequality in 22 transition economies over 11 years from 2005 to 2015. The paper finds that there was a negative relationship between the financial inclusion index and the GINI coefficient. The paper also suggests some policy recommendations to reduce income inequality through developing financial inclusion

Financial depth and economic growth: Empirical evidence from ASEAN+3 countries

Nexus between financial depth and economic growth has been studied for long time and still attracts great attention from policymakers. This research examines the relationship among ASEAN+3 countries from 2000 to 2014 based on Cobb-Douglas theoretical framework. The results show that fi-nancial depths measured by domestic credit to private sector, M3 and stock market capitalisation all have significant effects on economic growth. The paper also gives policy recommendations to promote financial development for purposes of long-term economic growth in ASEAN+3 countries

Ownership, technology gap and technical efficiency of small and medium manufacturing firms in Vietnam: A stochastic meta frontier approach

The ownership - efficiency relationship in a firm has always been an important topic. In this paper, we focus on the state owned versus non-state-owned status of Vietnamese manufacturing firms, to shed light into the relationship between these two variables when using a more state-of-the-art method as a stochastic meta-frontier method. Applying the method for two periods: one during the global economic crisis and the other after the end of the crisis, the study determines that in both periods, there was a strong evidence that non-state-owned firms performed much better than state owned counterpart. We also found that the difference became even larger during the harsh time and sub-industries with non-state-owned firms could outperform the state-owned firms, significantly

ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH THÁI VÀ ĐẶC ĐIỂM VI HỌC CỦA LOÀI BA KÍCH TÍM (Morinda officinalis How.) THU HÁI TẠI TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Morinda officinalis How. is a medicinal plant that has been studied and used for a long time. Previous studies on M. officinalis primarily focused on the source in the northern provinces of Vietnam. This study is the first one on the botanical characteristics, including morphology, anatomy, and powder microscopy of M. officinalis in Thua Thien Hue province. Morphological and microscopic characteristics were determined by comparing the shape and double-staining and observing under a microscope through 10× and 40× objective lenses. The results show the similarities and differences of M. officinalis in Thua Thien Hue and other regions of Vietnam. Particularly, the root of M. officinalis in Thua Thien Hue has a higher percentage of usable parts than other M. officinalis species in northern regions. Furthermore, the results of the study provide scientific data for learning and investigating the morphological and microscopic characteristics of M. officinalis in Thua Thien Hue.Ba kích tím (Morinda officinalis How.) là một loài dược liệu quý được nghiên cứu và sử dụng từ rất lâu đời. Các nghiên cứu về Ba kích tím trước đây chủ yếu tập trung vào nguồn giống thu hái tại các tỉnh phía Bắc của Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này là công trình đầu tiên về đặc điểm thực vật bao gồm hình thái, vi phẫu và soi bột của cây Ba kích tím được thu hái tại môi trường tự nhiên của tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Đặc điểm hình thái và đặc điểm vi học được nghiên cứu bằng phương pháp so sánh hình thái và nhuộm kép và quan sát dưới kính hiển vi qua vật kính 10× và 40×. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự tương đồng và khác biệt chính về đặc điểm thực vật của cây Ba kích tím giữa Thừa Thiên Huế và các vùng miền khác ở Việt Nam. Đặc biệt, rễ củ Ba kích tím tại Thừa Thiên Huế có tỷ lệ bộ phận sử dụng nhiều hơn so với các loài Ba kích tím tại khu vực phía Bắc. Kết quả của bài báo góp phần cung cấp dữ liệu khoa học cho học tập và nghiên cứu về đặc điểm hình thái và vi học của loài Ba kích tím ở Thừa Thiên Huế

A randomised controlled trial of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF-MS) versus conventional microbiological methods for identifying pathogens: Impact on optimal antimicrobial therapy of invasive bacterial and fungal infections in Vietnam.

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the impact of MALDITOF-MS on the timeliness of optimal antimicrobial therapy through a parallel-arm randomised controlled trial in two hospitals in Vietnam. METHODS: We recruited patients with a pathogen (bacterial or fungal) cultured from a normally sterile sample. Samples were randomly assigned (1:1) to identification by MALDITOF-MS or conventional diagnostics. The primary outcome was the proportion on optimal antimicrobial therapy within 24 h of positive culture, determined by a blinded independent review committee. Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02306330). RESULTS: Among 1005 randomised patients, pathogens were isolated from 628 (326 intervention, 302 control), with 377 excluded as likely contaminants or discharged/died before positive culture. Most isolates were cultured from blood (421/628, 67.0%). The proportion receiving optimal antimicrobial therapy within 24 h (the primary outcome) or 48 h of growth was not significantly different between MALDITOF-MS and control arms (135/326, 41.4% vs 120/302, 39.7%; Adjusted Odds ration (AOR) 1.17, p = 0.40 and 151/326, 46.3% vs 141/302, 46.7%; AOR 1.05 p = 0.79, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: MALDITOF-MS, in the absence of an antimicrobial stewardship programme, did not improve the proportion on optimal antimicrobial therapy at 24 or 48 h after first growth in a lower-middle income setting with high rates of antibiotic resistance

The linkages between growth, poverty and inequality in Vietnam: An empirical analysis.

Abstract This paper examines how initial inequality and poverty rate are related to subsequent economic growth in the provincial level of Vietnam. The results show a robust negative relationship between initial poverty rate and subsequent economic growth. However, there is no link between initial inequality and subsequent economic growth. The results also show that lower inequality leads to lower poverty rate and poverty reduction could help to reduce inequality. Other determinants of inequality and poverty reduction include human capital, investment, GDP growth rate and trade openness. The main policy implication that emerges from this paper is that concentrating on poverty elimination will help us to build a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth

The role of international trade and foreign direct investment in technology transfer and wage improvement in Vietnam.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Economics, 200

The Theories of Trade, FDI and Technology Transfer: A Survey

This paper surveys the most relevant theoretical studies on the relationship between trade, FDI and technology transfer. Its aim is to give an analysis of theoretical models, highlighting their implications for the growth performance of globally integrated economies relative to that of more autarchic economies. The main conclusion coming from the theoretical literature surveyed is that international trade and FDI play a key role in technology transfer and economic growth, but additional research is needed to completely understand the mechanisms driving technology transfer from trade and FDI.Trade, FDI, Technology transfer, Technology spillovers