19,317 research outputs found
Energy-gap dynamics of superconducting NbN thin films studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy
Using time-domain Terahertz spectroscopy we performed direct studies of the
photoinduced suppression and recovery of the superconducting gap in a
conventional BCS superconductor NbN. Both processes are found to be strongly
temperature and excitation density dependent. The analysis of the data with the
established phenomenological Rothwarf-Taylor model enabled us to determine the
bare quasiparticle recombination rate, the Cooper pair-breaking rate and the
electron-phonon coupling constant, \lambda = 1.1 +/- 0.1, which is in excellent
agreement with theoretical estimates.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; final version, accepted for publication in Phys.
Rev. Let
X-ray fluoresced high-Z (up to Z = 82) K-x-rays produced by LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 pyroelectric crystal electron accelerators
High-energy bremsstrahlung and K X-rays were used to produce nearly
background-free K X-ray spectra of up to 87 keV (Pb) via X-ray fluorescence.
The fluorescing radiation was produced by electron accelerators, consisting of
heated and cooled cylindrical LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 crystals at mTorr pressures.
The newly discovered process of gas amplification whereby the ambient gas
pressure is optimized to maximize the electron energy was used to produce
energetic electrons which when incident on a W/Bi target gave rise to a
radiation field consisting of high-energy bremsstrahlung as well as W and Bi K
X-rays. These photons were used to fluoresce Ta and Pb K X-rays.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, PD
Interplay between electron-phonon couplings and disorder strength on the transport properties of organic semiconductors
The combined effect of bulk and interface electron-phonon couplings on the
transport properties is investigated in a model for organic semiconductors
gated with polarizable dielectrics. While the bulk electron-phonon interaction
affects the behavior of mobility in the coherent regime below room temperature,
the interface coupling is dominant for the activated high contribution of
localized polarons. In order to improve the description of the transport
properties, the presence of disorder is needed in addition to electron-phonon
couplings. The effects of a weak disorder largely enhance the activation
energies of mobility and induce the small polaron formation at lower values of
electron-phonon couplings in the experimentally relevant window . The results are discussed in connection with experimental data of rubrene
organic field-effect transistors.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Thermodynamic properties of Holstein polarons and the effects of disorder
The ground state and finite temperature properties of polarons are studied
considering a two-site and a four-site Holstein model by exact diagonalization
of the Hamiltonian. The kinetic energy, Drude weight, correlation functions
involving charge and lattice deformations, and the specific heat have been
evaluated as a function of electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling strength and
temperature. The effects of site diagonal disorder on the above properties have
been investigated. The disorder is found to suppress the kinetic energy and the
Drude weight, reduces the spatial extension of the polaron, and makes the
large-to-small polaron crossover smoother. Increasing temperature also plays
similar role. For strong coupling the kinetic energy arises mainly from the
incoherent hopping processes owing to the motion of electrons within the
polaron and is almost independent of the disorder strength. From the coherent
and incoherent contributions to the kinetic energy, the temperature above which
the incoherent part dominates is determined as a function of e-ph coupling
strength.Comment: 17 pages. 17 figure
Transmission of a Symmetric Light Pulse through a Wide QW
The reflection, transmission and absorption of a symmetric electromagnetic
pulse, which carrying frequency is close to the frequency of an interband
transition in a QW (QW), are obtained. The energy levels of a QW are assumed
discrete, one exited level is taken into account. The case of a wide QW is
considered when a length of the pulse wave, appropriate to the carrying
frequency, is comparable to the QW's width. In figures the time dependencies of
the dimensionless reflection, absorption are transmission are represented. It
is shown, that the spatial dispersion and a distinction in refraction indexes
influence stronger reflection.Comment: 8 pages,8 figures with caption
Temperature- and quantum phonon effects on Holstein-Hubbard bipolarons
The one-dimensional Holstein-Hubbard model with two electrons of opposite
spin is studied using an extension of a recently developed quantum Monte Carlo
method, and a very simple yet rewarding variational approach, both based on a
canonically transformed Hamiltonian. The quantum Monte Carlo method yields very
accurate results in the regime of small but finite phonon frequencies,
characteristic of many strongly correlated materials such as, e.g., the
cuprates and the manganites. The influence of electron-electron repulsion,
phonon frequency and temperature on the bipolaron state is investigated.
Thermal dissociation of the intersite bipolaron is observed at high
temperatures, and its relation to an existing theory of the manganites is
discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures; final version, accepted for publication in Phys.
Rev.
Optical properties of small polarons from dynamical mean-field theory
The optical properties of polarons are studied in the framework of the
Holstein model by applying the dynamical mean-field theory. This approach
allows to enlighten important quantitative and qualitative deviations from the
limiting treatments of small polaron theory, that should be considered when
interpreting experimental data. In the antiadiabatic regime, accounting on the
same footing for a finite phonon frequency and a finite electron bandwidth
allows to address the evolution of the optical absorption away from the
well-understood molecular limit. It is shown that the width of the multiphonon
peaks in the optical spectra depends on the temperature and on the frequency in
a way that contradicts the commonly accepted results, most notably in the
strong coupling case. In the adiabatic regime, on the other hand, the present
method allows to identify a wide range of parameters of experimental interest,
where the electron bandwidth is comparable or larger than the broadening of the
Franck-Condon line, leading to a strong modification of both the position and
the shape of the polaronic absorption. An analytical expression is derived in
the limit of vanishing broadening, which improves over the existing formulas
and whose validity extends to any finite-dimensional lattice. In the same
adiabatic regime, at intermediate values of the interaction strength, the
optical absorption exhibits a characteristic reentrant behavior, with the
emergence of sharp features upon increasing the temperature -- polaron
interband transitions -- which are peculiar of the polaron crossover, and for
which analytical expressions are provided.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
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