Household Labor Supply, Sharing Rule and the Marriage Market

In this paper we estimate a model of household labor supply based on the collective approach developed by Chiappori (JPE, 1992). This approach assumes that the intra-household decision process leads to Pareto efficient outcomes. Our model extends this theory by allowing the marriage market, and especially the sex ratio, to affect the sharing rule and the household labor supplies. We show that our model imposes new restrictions on the parameters of the labor supply functions. Also, individual preferences and the sharing rule are recovered using an identification procedure that is both simpler and more robust than in Chiappori's initial approach. The model is estimated using PSID data for the year 1988. Our results do not reject the restrictions imposed by the model. Moreover, the sex ratio influences the sharing rule and the labor supply behavior in the directions predicted by the theory. Finally, the impact of individual wage rates suggests that spouses behave in an altruistic manner within the household.

Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation and Household Labor Supply

This paper provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the impact of the marriage market and divorce legislation on household labor supply. In our approach, the sex ratio on the marriage market and the rules governing divorce are examples of "distribution factors". The latter are defined as variables that affect the household members' bargaining position but neither preferences nor the joint budget set. We extend the collective labor supply model developed by Chiappori (JPE, 1992) to allow for distribution factors. We show that our model imposes new restrictions on the labor supply functions and eases the identification of individual preferences and the intra-household decision process. The model is estimated using PSID data for the year 1988. Our results do not reject the restrictions imposed by the model. Also, the sex ratio and divorce laws deemed favorable to women are found to impact the labor supply behavior and the decision process in the directions predicted by the theory and to have sizeable effects.Collective Model, Household Labor Supply, Marriage Market, Divorce Laws

Convergence of a Finite Volume Scheme for a Corrosion Model

In this paper, we study the numerical approximation of a system of partial dif-ferential equations describing the corrosion of an iron based alloy in a nuclear waste repository. In particular, we are interested in the convergence of a numerical scheme consisting in an implicit Euler scheme in time and a Scharfetter-Gummel finite volume scheme in space

5D: A GIS-based Approach for Determining and Displaying the Degree of Operational Difficulty of Demining

Clearance operations highly depend on environmental, geographic and socioeconomic conditions. These conditions make demining easier, more difficult or nearly impossible. This article proposes an analytical method called 5D (Determining and Displaying the Degree of Operational Difficulty of Demining), which classifies degrees of difficulty as low, medium, high or extreme

Statistics of fermions in a dd-dimensional box near a hard wall

We study $N$ noninteracting fermions in a domain bounded by a hard wall potential in $d \geq 1$ dimensions. We show that for large $N$, the correlations at the edge of the Fermi gas (near the wall) at zero temperature are described by a universal kernel, different from the universal edge kernel valid for smooth potentials. We compute this $d$ dimensional hard edge kernel exactly for a spherical domain and argue, using a generalized method of images, that it holds close to any sufficiently smooth boundary. As an application we compute the quantum statistics of the position of the fermion closest to the wall. Our results are then extended in several directions, including non-smooth boundaries such as a wedge, and also to finite temperature.Comment: 5 pages + 14 pages (Supp. Mat.), 6 figure

Mapping Populations at Risk of ERW

Having precise, available data on recorded explosive remnants of war hazards does not necessarily represent the big picture concerning the contamination distribution in a country. However, when available datasets are evaluated with population-density data, heavy concentrations of ERW hazards are more easily detectable. This article examines a few of the many tasks that can be achieved by analyzing ERW hazard data and by combining it with other information

Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation and Household Labor Supply

Cet article présente un cadre théorique visant à analyser l'impact du marché du mariage et des règles de divorce sur l'offre de travail du ménage. Dans notre approche, l'importance relative des hommes sur le marché du mariage ainsi que les lois régissant le divorce sont des exemples de facteurs de distribution. Ceux-ci sont définis comme étant des variables qui influencent le pouvoir de négociation des conjoints0501s n'ont pas d'effet sur les préférences individuelles ni sur l'ensemble de consommation du ménage. Nous généralisons le modèle d'offre de travail collectif de Chiappori (JPE, 1992) de façon à tenir compte des facteurs de distribution. Nous montrons que notre modèle impose de nouvelles restrictions sur les fonctions d'offre de travail des conjoints et facilite l'identification des préférences individuelles ainsi que le processus de décision intra-familial. Le modèle est estimé par la méthode des moments généralisés à l'aide des données du PSID pour 1988. Nos résultats ne rejettent pas les restrictions imposées par notre approche. De plus, l'importance relative des hommes de même que les règles de divorce jugées favorables aux femmes influencent les comportements d'offre de travail et le processus de décision dans les directions prédites par la théorie et jouent un rôle important dans les choix du ménage.This paper provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the impact of the marriage market and divorce legislation on household labor supply. In our approach, the sex ratio on the marragie market and the rules governing divorce are examples of distribution factors. The latter are defined as variables that affect the household members' bargaining position but neither preferences nor the joint budget set. We extend the collective labor supply model developped by Chiappori (JPE, 1992) to allow for distribution factors. We show that our model imposes new restrictions on the labor supply functions and eases the identification of individual preferences and the intra-household decision process. The model is estimated using PSID data for the year 1988. Our results do not reject the restrictions imposed by the model. Also, the sex ratio and divorce laws deemed favorable to women are found to impact the labor supply behavior and the decision process in the directions predicted by the theory and to have sizeable effects

Une analyse de la dynamique de la dépendance à l'assistance-emploi des populations natives et immigrantes québécoises

Many recent empirical studies have shown that recent cohorts of immigrants to western countries face more hardship than previous cohorts. In Quebec, for instance, the welfare dependency rates of immigrants have steadily increased between 1982 and 1998 and are insensitive to fluctuations in the business cycles, contrary to what has been observed for natives. This study seeks to better understand the process of economic and social integration of immigrants to Quebec as seen through their dependency toward the employment-assistance program (welfare benefits program), relative to that of the natives. The analysis focuses on the dynamics of participation to the employment-assistance program between January 1975 and March 2000. The study is divided into separate sections: 1. A comparative analysis of schooling and income between natives and immigrants of Quebec, Ontario and British-Columbia. 2. A descriptive analysis of socio-demographic characteristics and participation rates in the employment-insurance program between 1975 and 2000. 3. An econometric analysis of the dynamics of program participation that highlights the contribution of many factors to the observed dynamics as well as the immigration status. Plusieurs recherches empiriques récentes ont établi que les cohortes récentes d'immigrants dans de nombreux pays occidentaux éprouvent davantage de difficultés à intégrer le marché du travail que les cohortes plus anciennes. Au Québec, les taux de dépendance à l'assistance-emploi de la clientèle immigrante sont croissants durant toute la période de 1982 à 1998 et varient très peu en fonction de la conjoncture économique, contrairement à ce qui est observé pour les natifs. Cette étude vise principalement à avoir une meilleure connaissance de l'intégration économique et sociale des immigrants au Québec vue à travers leur dépendance à l'assistance-emploi et comparée par rapport à celle des prestataires natifs. Dans l'étude, l'analyse de la dynamique de participation au programme d'assistance-emploi est examinée à partir des épisodes ayant débuté entre janvier 1975 et mars 2000. Dans l'étude, trois volets sont abordés : 1. Une évolution comparée de la scolarité et du revenu annuel moyen pour les populations natives et immigrantes résidant au Québec, en Ontario et en Colombie-Britannique; 2. Une description, des principales caractéristiques socio-démographiques des prestataires natifs et des prestataires immigrants présents au cours des années 1975 à 2000 et une analyse comparative de la dynamique de participation au programme d'assistance-emploi; 3. Une analyse économétrique comparative qui mesure la contribution de nombreux facteurs aux fluctuations de la dépendance à l'assistance-emploi.Quebec, Immigration, Employment-Assistance, Dependency, Québec, immigration, assistance-emploi, dépendance, conjoncture économique