Immigration Law and Policy: the EU acquis and its impact on the Turkish legal order

This book is a comparative study aimed at answering the question ‘to what extent are Turkish laws and practices in compliance with the European Union immigration acquis and what the consequences of alignment thereto will be on the Turkish legal system.’ The study highlights the aspects of the Turkish foreigners law and policy which are not in compliance with the EU acquis on legal migration, and recommends how these inconsistencies may be overcome in order for Turkey to be ready for EU membership in terms of its immigration legislation as well as pointing out how the Turkish law and practice can contribute to the development of the EU immigration acquis

A Pyramidal Cause of a Cerebellar Ataxia:HSP-7

A 43-year-old man presented with a slowly progressive fatigue and coordination problems, coupled with a radiological appearance of diffuse atrophy, especially in the cerebellar hemispheres. The diagnostic process was challenging because initially the additional investigations were focused on a cerebellar ataxia. In the following months, his ataxic gait developed in a more spastic pattern and whole exome sequencing revealed mutations in the SPG7 gene, confirming a diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Therefore, the authors call for an extension of genetic panels in ataxia patients

The reaction of agricultural landowners to the Willamette River Park and Recreation System

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the current development of the Willamette River Park and. Recreation System, and to investigate the opposition to that development. The first section deals with a history of the project. The phases of development are explained in detail. The second section is an explication of the views of a randomly selected portion of riverfront farmers in Linn and Benton Counties. The farmers views both positive and negative are compared with those of State and local officials. Four recommendations dealing with planning, scenic easements, eminent domain, and a new name for the system are presented

Pharmacokinetics of C1-inhibitor in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Klinische Chemie 27(2),69(2002) -- Nederlandse Vereniging voor Klinische Chemie en Laboratoriumgeneeskunde --

Low tidal volume ventilation ameliorates left ventricular dysfunction in mechanically ventilated rats following LPS-induced lung injury

Background: High tidal volume ventilation has shown to cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), possibly contributing to concomitant extrapulmonary organ dysfunction. The present study examined whether left ventricular (LV) function is dependent on tidal volume size and whether this effect is augmented during lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced lung injury. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were sedated, paralyzed and then randomized in four groups receiving mechanical ventilation with tidal volumes of 6 ml/kg or 19 ml/kg with or without intrapulmonary administration of LPS. A conductance catheter was placed in the left ventricle to generate pressure-volume loops, which were also obtained within a few seconds of vena cava occlusion to obtain relatively load-independent LV systolic and diastolic function parameters. The end-systolic elastance / effective arterial elastance (Ees/Ea) ratio was used as the primary parameter of LV systolic function with the end-diastolic elastance (Eed) as primary LV diastolic function. Results: Ees/Ea decreased over time in rats receiving LPS (p = 0.045) and high tidal volume ventilation (p = 0.007), with a lower Ees/Ea in the rats with high tidal volume ventilation plus LPS compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Eed increased over time in all groups except for the rats receiving low tidal volume ventilation without LPS (p = 0.223). A significant interaction (p < 0.001) was found between tidal ventilation and LPS for Ees/Ea and Eed, and all rats receiving high tidal volume ventilation plus LPS died before the end of the experiment. Conclusions: Low tidal volume ventilation ameliorated LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction while preventing death following LPS-induced lung injury in mechanically ventilated rats. Our data advocates the use of low tidal volumes, not only to avoid VILI, but to avert ventilator-induced myocardial dysfunction as well

Associations of Body Mass Index with Ventilation Management and Clinical Outcomes in Invasively Ventilated Patients with ARDS Related to COVID-19-Insights from the PRoVENT-COVID Study

We describe the practice of ventilation and mortality rates in invasively ventilated normal-weight (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) COVID-19 ARDS patients in a national, multicenter observational study, performed at 22 intensive care units in the Netherlands. The primary outcome was a combination of ventilation variables and parameters over the first four calendar days of ventilation, including tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), respiratory system compliance, and driving pressure in normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients. Secondary outcomes included the use of adjunctive treatments for refractory hypoxaemia and mortality rates. Between 1 March 2020 and 1 June 2020, 1122 patients were included in the study: 244 (21.3%) normal-weight patients, 531 (47.3%) overweight patients, and 324 (28.8%) obese patients. Most patients received a tidal volume < 8 mL/kg PBW; only on the first day was the tidal volume higher in obese patients. PEEP and driving pressure were higher, and compliance of the respiratory system was lower in obese patients on all four days. Adjunctive therapies for refractory hypoxemia were used equally in the three BMI groups. Adjusted mortality rates were not different between BMI categories. The findings of this study suggest that lung-protective ventilation with a lower tidal volume and prone positioning is similarly feasible in normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients with ARDS related to COVID-19. A patient's BMI should not be used in decisions to forgo or proceed with invasive ventilation

APOE polymorphism and its effect on plasma C-reactive protein levels in a large general population sample

The literature on association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variations and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) remains inconsistent, mainly due to low statistical power of previous studies. To clarify this question, we analysed data from large population sample of randomly selected individuals from 7 Czech towns (2886 males and 3344 females, the HAPIEE study). In both males and females, the lowest levels of plasma hsCRP were observed in the carriers of the APOE ε4ε4 and ε4ε3 genotypes. The median (inter-quartile range, IQR) concentration of hsCRP in carriers of the most common APOE ε3ε3 genotype (two thirds of participants) was 1.13 (IQR 0.56; 2.33) mg/l in men and 1.23 (IQR 0.61; 2.65) mg/l in women, compared with 0.72 (IQR 0.61; 0.86) mg/l in male and 0.72 (IQR 0.61-0.85) mg/l in female carriers of APOE ε4ε3/ε4ε4 genotypes; the differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). The association between APOE and CRP was not materially affected by adjustment for age, sex, history of cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors. This study, the largest to date, provides robust evidence of an association between plasma hsCRP and the APOE genotype, an association not explained by history of cardiovascular disease nor its risk factors