Pertumbuhan, Kuantitas Dan Kualitas Rimpang Jahe (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Pada Cekaman Kekeringan Di Bawah Naungan

This research studied the growth, quantity and quality of ginger rhizome under drought stress condition. The drought stress condition was 60% of soil field capacity. This experiment was arranged in randomized complete block designed. The treatments were drought stress periods (6, 4, 2 and 0 week before harvesting) with six replications. The result showed that drought stress period affected the quantity (rhizome dry weight) and quality (gingerol content) of ginger. Rhizome dry weight was decreased with the increase of drought stress period, while gingerol content showed opposite trend

Pengaruh Radiasi Sinar Gamma Terhadap Kultur in Vitro Tanaman Jahe

In vitro shoot explants of white ginger and red ginger are irradiated by two different techniques. The first, the tuber explants are irradiated by 2 levels of gamma rays namely 10 and 30 Gy. The second, the shoot explants are irradiated by 2 levels of gamma rays namely 7,5 and 12,5 Gy. The irradiated explants are regenerated on modified MS medium with BAP 2 ppm and NAA 0,25 ppm. The result show that the irradiated tuber explants with 10 and 30 Gy could not initiate new regenerant of ginger. On the other hand the irradiated shoot explants with 7,5 and 12,5 Gy have been able to influence the growth and development of shoot, leaf and root. It is indicated that the level of gamma rays irradiation on shoot explants influences the induced putative mutant of ginger. However, the sprouting of red ginger on 12,5 Gy is higher and faster than 7,5 Gy, and white ginger as well as control. The other morphological characters have not been able to be identified, the experiment are still in process to detect the mutagenic influences

Propagation of Cardamom (Amomum compactum) Using Vitamin B1, Indole Butyric Acid and Their Combinations Ex Vitro

Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is an aromatic spice plant with numerous benefits, widely used in cooking, medicine, and beverages. The high demand for cardamom remains unmet due to the lengthy germination period required for cardamom seeds and the inability of cardamom shoots to thrive when planted independently from the mother plant. The presence of the mother plant significantly impacts cardamom nurseries utilizing shoots, making it challenging to obtain large quantities of nursery transplants. Growth stimulants, such as vitamin B1 and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), are required to en­hance vegetative growth in plants. Vitamin B1 (IPI brand) is applied due to its ease of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, IBA is utilized for its accessibility, stable chemical content, and prolonged efficacy. This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of vitamin B1, IBA, and their combination to enhance the growth of mother and tiller shoots of cardamom ex vitro. The research employed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, with vitamin B1 concentrations of 21.5% and 43% and IBA concentrations of 0.75 ppm and 150 ppm. The treatment V1I1 (vitamin B1 21.5% and IBA 75 ppm) on mother plant shoots maintained a survival rate of 67% up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The interaction between vitamins B1 and IBA exhibited no significant effect on all parameters of mother shoots and tillers; however, vitamin B1 significantly influenced the vegetative growth of cardamom mother shoots. Vitamin B1 at 43% produced a significantly higher number of leaves compared to 21.5%. Thus, vitamin B1 at 43% is recommended for cardamom propagation, while vitamin B1 at 21.5% has the potential to enhance the average growth of tiller shoots across all parameters

Conidia Production of Beauveria Bassiana in Solid Substrate Fermentation Using a Biphasic System

Beauveria bassiana is an important entomopathogenic fungus that is widely used as a bioinsecticide around the world. Conidia production is a critical step in the production of high-quality bioinsecticide. This study investigated three liquid culture mediums and five combinations of solid substrates to enhance conidia production by B. bassiana. The fungus was isolated from infected insects in the cocoa plantation of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. The three culture mediums were malt extract broth (MB), potato dextrose broth (PDB), and yeast and malt extract broth (YMB). Five combinations of solid substrate were used: 100% rice, 100% maize, 75%:25% rice:maize, 50%:50% rice:maize, and 25%:75% rice:maize. The biphasic system was used in this study, in which the fungus was first grown under submerged conditions and then was allowed to conidiate in solid-state conditions. The data showed that PDB was the optimum culture medium to produce blastophore and beauvericin, the active compound that acts as a mycoinsecticide. In the selection test, 100% rice was the optimum solid substrate to produce high amounts of conidia, and the consistency and production tests yielded the same results, with conidia counts of 1.93x109, 1.78x109, and 2.08x109, respectively. In a rice storability test, B. bassiana conidia numbers remained stable for up to 105 days of storage at room temperature. Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, culture medium, solid-substrate, conidia, biphasic syste

Identification of Molecular Marker Based on MYB Transcription Factor for the Selection of Indonesian Fine Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Indonesia is the third largest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) producer in the world and also well-known for its fine cacao varieties (Java fine-flavor cacao). Indonesian fine cacao breeding program will be accelerated by early detection of its specific trait through the use of molecular marker. One of the traits thatcould differentiate fine and bulk cacao, in this case Criollo and Forastero, respectively, is the pod color. Previous research reported that MYB transcription factor gene regulated cacao pod color and was able to differentiate Criollo from Forastero. The gene involved in the control of plant-specific processes including primary and secondary metabolism, cell fate and identity, developmental processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This research aimed to identify the diversity of Indonesian fine and bulk cacao based on MYB nucleotide sequence fragments. Identification of the MYB nucleotide sequence was conducted by DNA isolation from cacao leaves and specific primer design based on two cacao MYB transcription factor ene accessions. These primers were used to evaluate the diversity of three Indonesian fine cacao (DRC 16, PNT 16, and ICCRI 01) and two bulk cacao (PA 191 and ICCRI 03) clones. The cluster analysis showed that this specific primer is similar to other MYB gene accessions in Malvaceae family (Theobroma, Herrania, Gossypium). It is also able to differentiate bulk and fine cacao in accordance to their pedigree. The primer developed in this study could be used for further analysis of Indonesian fine cacao molecular marker

Micropropagation of Java Cardamom (Amomum compactum)

Java cardamom (Amomum compactum) is hardly propagated with rhizome without the mother plant.  In vitro culture could overcome the problem through mass propagation for seedling production or other purposes such as genetic material for mutation breeding. The aim of the research was to generate protocol of establishing Java cardamom micropropagation.  This research consisted of 4 aspects i.e. shoot induction of mother plant (without Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) and using PGR BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) 1000 ppm), explant origin selection (main stem, rhizome bud height >3 cm, rhizome bud height ≤3 cm and lateral rhizome), sterilization procedure establishment (4 methods differ in the use of  detergent, HgCl2, Alcohol, NaOCl, Ethanol, Iodine and soaking time in fungicide and bactericide) and shoot multiplication (MS 0, MS 0 + BAP 1 ppm and MS 0 + BAP 1 ppm + NAA 1 ppm). Result showed the application of 1000 ppm BAP to mature plant could induce shoot emergence.  The best explant source was rhizome bud that smaller or equal to 3 cm.  The highest survival rate (71%) was recorded when explants disinfected with 70% alcohol for 30 seconds and 0.1 % mercuric chloride for 5 minutes.  Java cardamom in vitro culture showed highest shoot multiplication rate in MS 0 + BAP 1 ppm medium (multiplier of 10 shoots/explant in 18 weeks).  Keywords: explant, in vitro propagation, Plant Growth Regulator, rhizome, shoot multiplicatio

Seri tanaman bahan baku industri kunyit

ii, 76 hlm. : Ilus. ; 26 cm

Growth and Yield Response of Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume) under Different Light Intensities and Concentrations of Paclobutrazol

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume) is one of the medicinal plants used for anticancer treatment, but the information on the cultivation of the plant is limited. The objectives of this research was to study the effect of light intensity and concentration level of paclobutrazol on growth and yield of rodent tuber. This research was conducted at Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. This experiment arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot is light intensity (35, 55, and 100%). The sub plot is concentration level of paclobutrazol (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm). Paclobutrazol applied as soil drench at one month after planting. In each application 500 ml solution was used. Variables observed consisted of plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf and tuber fresh weight; and leaf and tuber dry weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range test at 5%. The result showed that interaction between light intensity and paclobutrazol affected the whole observed variable. Dry weight of tuber under 35% light intensity was lower than those in other light intensity for all treatments of paclobutrazol. Full sunlight intensity showed better dry weight in all treatments of paclobutrazol. However the dry weight decreasing significantly at 150 ppm paclobutrazol, but still higher than those in 35% light intensity. Therefore, rodent tuber is better cultivated under full sunlight and 55% light intensity with 100 ppm paclobutrazol

<i>Phyllanthus</i> Lignans: A Review of Biological Activity and Elicitation

The Phyllanthus genus exhibits a broad distribution spanning across the majority of tropical and subtropical regions. Due to their ability to synthesize medicinal bioactive compounds such as lignans, they have been utilized historically in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. This review discusses the current knowledge on the potency of lignans for medicinal purposes, the benefit of lignans for plants, various lignans produced by Phyllanthus, and how lignan synthesis could be increased through biotic and abiotic elicitation. Finally, we present a set of connected hypotheses to explain how signaling crosstalk between endophytic microbes and drought stress responses regulates lignan production. Although the mechanisms of lignan synthesis in Phyllanthus are not fully explored, this review strongly supports the view that endophytic fungi and drought stress can increase lignan production in plants belonging to the genus Phyllanthus. The medicinal plant–endophyte–drought stress relationship helps to improve the lignan yield of Phyllanthus, which is crucial for human health and can be optimized under in vitro and in vivo conditions