REVIEW OF TRADITIONAL USE, PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND TOXICITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR WOMEN'S HEALTH IN INDONESIA

The aim of this review is to provide inspiration for research in  traditional use, pharmacological effects and toxicity of medicinal plants for women's  health   in Indonesia. Punica granatum L, Coriandrum sativum L, Elephantopus scaber L, Foeniculum vulgare M, Kaempferia galanga L, Nigella sativa L are herbs often used as medicinal plants for women's health care such as pregnancy's disorders, leucorrhoea, menstrual disorders, aphrodisiac, natural contraception, care during childbirth, lactagogum, body and skin beauty care. The medicinal plants are often consumed directly or mixed in jamu/herbal medicine. Many research reported regarding the pharmacological effect and toxicity test of medicinal plants. This review will show the traditional use, pharmacological effect, and toxicity of Punica granatum, Coriandrum sativum, Elephantopus scaber, Foeniculum vulgare, Kaempferia galanga, Nigella sativa.Keywords: Punica granatum, Coriandrum sativum, Elephantopus scaber, Foeniculum vulgare, Kaempferia galanga, Nigella sativ

THE CAPABILITY OF BRINE SHRIMP TEST AS A TERATOGENICITY SCREENING SYSTEM

ABSTRACTObjectives: The goals of this study were to analyze the capability of brine shrimp test (BST) as a potent teratogenicity screening system on teratogenicagents (methotrexate, captopril, diclofenac, phenytoin, warfarin, and valproic acid).Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into 1st stage nauplii, then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until2nd stage, 3rd stage, and 4th stage, and number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development were observed for each stage.Results: Hatch ability of cysts in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid2.5 mg/ml were significantly different compared to control (p<0.05). Nauplii survival in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalitieswas found in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were expressed in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml,captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml. Significant difference in body length was presentedin captopril 0.25 mg/ml, and phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml compared to control (p<0.05).Conclusion: BST can be used as an alternative method of the teratogenic screening test, although not as sensitive teratogenic tests on mammals. Thisscreening method was not suitable for a compound which its chemical characteristic can change the tonicity of the medium.Keywords: Brine shrimp test, Teratogenicity, Methotrexate, Captopril, Diclofenac, Phenytoin, Warfarin, Valproic acid