467 research outputs found

    Molecular characterization of the Bacillus thuringiensis (BERLINER) strains 344 and 1644, efficient against fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH).

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    Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) strains 344 and 1644 belonging to the CNPMS/Embrapa (Maize and Sorghum National Research Center) Microorganism Bank, located in Sete Lagoas, MG, showed to be highly efficient in controlling fall armyworm, Spodotpera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Strains 344 and 1644 were isolated from soil samples originated from Iguassu Falls and Rolândia, respectively, Paraná State, Brazil. While strain 344 harbors cry1Ab, cry1B, cry1E and cry1Fb genes, strain 1644 showed cry1B, cry1C, and cry1D and cry1Fb genes. The strain 344 crystal has bipyramidal shape and showed LC50 equal to 8.21 x 106 spores/mL. Strain 1644 has cuboid crystal and showed LC50 equal to 2.07 x 106 spores/mL. Comparative analysis of protein profile, plasmid and amplification with primers ERIC allowed the differentiation of the evaluated strains

    The Local Nature of Digital Reference

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    In response to the extensive availability of digital library resources and the rising number of remote users, many libraries now offer digital reference services through e-mail and chat. The growing use of interactive chat software with its real time interactive capability has prompted librarians to consider collaborative ways in which to offer this service. A concern expressed frequently in informal discussions of such collaborations is how difficult it would be for the staff at one library to answer questions for another, considering that many questions tend to be “local”. Intrigued by the perception of “local,” librarians at the University of Tennessee (UT) in Knoxville undertook a study of digital reference questions received through chat and e-mail to determine the percentage of questions requiring on-site handling
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