Universal statistics of non-linear energy transfer in turbulent models

A class of shell models for turbulent energy transfer at varying the inter-shell separation, $\lambda$, is investigated. Intermittent corrections in the continuous limit of infinitely close shells ($\lambda \rightarrow 1$) have been measured. Although the model becomes, in this limit, non-intermittent, we found universal aspects of the velocity statistics which can be interpreted in the framework of log-poisson distributions, as proposed by She and Waymire (1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 262). We suggest that non-universal aspects of intermittency can be adsorbed in the parameters describing statistics and properties of the most singular structure. On the other hand, universal aspects can be found by looking at corrections to the monofractal scaling of the most singular structure. Connections with similar results reported in other shell models investigations and in real turbulent flows are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures available upon request to [email protected]

Developed turbulence: From full simulations to full mode reductions

Developed Navier-Stokes turbulence is simulated with varying wavevector mode reductions. The flatness and the skewness of the velocity derivative depend on the degree of mode reduction. They show a crossover towards the value of the full numerical simulation when the viscous subrange starts to be resolved. The intermittency corrections of the scaling exponents of the pth order velocity structure functions seem to depend mainly on the proper resolution of the inertial subrange. Universal scaling properties (i.e., independent of the degree of mode reduction) are found for the relative scaling exponents rho which were recently defined by Benzi et al.Comment: 4 pages, 5 eps-figures, replaces version from August 5th, 199

Turbulence and Multiscaling in the Randomly Forced Navier Stokes Equation

We present an extensive pseudospectral study of the randomly forced Navier-Stokes equation (RFNSE) stirred by a stochastic force with zero mean and a variance $\sim k^{4-d-y}$, where $k$ is the wavevector and the dimension $d = 3$. We present the first evidence for multiscaling of velocity structure functions in this model for $y \geq 4$. We extract the multiscaling exponent ratios $\zeta_p/\zeta_2$ by using extended self similarity (ESS), examine their dependence on $y$, and show that, if $y = 4$, they are in agreement with those obtained for the deterministically forced Navier-Stokes equation ($3d$NSE). We also show that well-defined vortex filaments, which appear clearly in studies of the $3d$NSE, are absent in the RFNSE.Comment: 4 pages (revtex), 6 figures (postscript

Inertial- and Dissipation-Range Asymptotics in Fluid Turbulence

We propose and verify a wave-vector-space version of generalized extended self similarity and broaden its applicability to uncover intriguing, universal scaling in the far dissipation range by computing high-order (\leq 20\/) structure functions numerically for: (1) the three-dimensional, incompressible Navier Stokes equation (with and without hyperviscosity); and (2) the GOY shell model for turbulence. Also, in case (2), with Taylor-microscale Reynolds numbers 4 \times 10^{4} \leq Re_{\lambda} \leq 3 \times 10^{6}\/, we find that the inertial-range exponents (\zeta_{p}\/) of the order - p\/ structure functions do not approach their Kolmogorov value p/3\/ as Re_{\lambda}\/ increases.Comment: RevTeX file, with six postscript figures. epsf.tex macro is used for figure insertion. Packaged using the 'uufiles' utilit

Dragon-kings: mechanisms, statistical methods and empirical evidence

This introductory article presents the special Discussion and Debate volume "From black swans to dragon-kings, is there life beyond power laws?" published in Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics in May 2012. We summarize and put in perspective the contributions into three main themes: (i) mechanisms for dragon-kings, (ii) detection of dragon-kings and statistical tests and (iii) empirical evidence in a large variety of natural and social systems. Overall, we are pleased to witness significant advances both in the introduction and clarification of underlying mechanisms and in the development of novel efficient tests that demonstrate clear evidence for the presence of dragon-kings in many systems. However, this positive view should be balanced by the fact that this remains a very delicate and difficult field, if only due to the scarcity of data as well as the extraordinary important implications with respect to hazard assessment, risk control and predictability.Comment: 20 page

Influence of modification and cooling speed on the process of eutectic crystallization of cast iron

The executed investigations are aimed at finding ways to produce high-quality cast iron, especially at electrocasting, when the melt's crystallization tendency upon metastable system is particularly high

Counter modification of hypereutectic gray cast iron

Possibility of use of complex modification of hypereutectic gray cast iron by graphitizing and antigraphitizing additions for manufacture of castings with high antifriction and antiscratching properties is shown

Modifying of iron cast melt

The article considers influence of single and complex admixtures of graphitizing modifiers and elements increasing supercooling as well as effect of the level of eutecticity, carbon content and cooling speed on the eutectic crystallization process, structure and characteristics of cast iron. The author alleges to the samples of effective use of ''counter modifying ” in production

Influence of temperature and time factors on ladle inoculation effect of cast iron

Influence of temperature and time factors on ladle inoculation effect of cast iron is investigated. It is shown that stability of inoculation effect in conditions of continuous soak is interrelated with activity of nucleating centres and character of metallurgical reactions running in tim