Probing exotic phenomena at the interface of nuclear and particle physics with the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms: A unique window to hadronic and semi-leptonic CP violation

The current status of electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms which involves the synergy between atomic experiments and three different theoretical areas -- particle, nuclear and atomic is reviewed. Various models of particle physics that predict CP violation, which is necessary for the existence of such electric dipole moments, are presented. These include the standard model of particle physics and various extensions of it. Effective hadron level combined charge conjugation (C) and parity (P) symmetry violating interactions are derived taking into consideration different ways in which a nucleon interacts with other nucleons as well as with electrons. Nuclear structure calculations of the CP-odd nuclear Schiff moment are discussed using the shell model and other theoretical approaches. Results of the calculations of atomic electric dipole moments due to the interaction of the nuclear Schiff moment with the electrons and the P and time-reversal (T) symmetry violating tensor-pseudotensor electron-nucleus are elucidated using different relativistic many-body theories. The principles of the measurement of the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms are outlined. Upper limits for the nuclear Schiff moment and tensor-pseudotensor coupling constant are obtained combining the results of atomic experiments and relativistic many-body theories. The coefficients for the different sources of CP violation have been estimated at the elementary particle level for all the diamagnetic atoms of current experimental interest and their implications for physics beyond the standard model is discussed. Possible improvements of the current results of the measurements as well as quantum chromodynamics, nuclear and atomic calculations are suggested.Comment: 46 pages, 19 tables and 16 figures. A review article accepted for EPJ

Theoretical investigation of energy levels and transition data for P II

Aims. The main goal of this paper is to present accurate and extensive transition data for the P II ion. These data are useful in various astrophysical applications. Methods. The multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) methods, which are implemented in the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package GRASP2K, were used in the present work. In the RCI calculations the transverse-photon (Breit) interaction, the vacuum polarization, and the self-energy corrections were included. Results. Energy spectra are presented for 48 even states of the 3S(2)3p(2) ,3s(2)3p{4p, 4f, 5p, 5f, 6p}, 3s3 p(2)3d configurations, and for 58 odd states of the 3s3p(3) , 3s(2)3p{3d, 4s, 4d, 5s, 5d, 6s} configurations in the P II ion. Electric dipole (E1) transition data are computed between these states along with the corresponding lifetimes. The average uncertainty of the computed transition energies is between five and ten times smaller than the uncertainties from previous calculations. The computed lifetimes for the 3s(2)3p4s(3)P degrees states are within the error bars of the most current experimental values

Large-scale calculations of atomic level and transition properties in the aluminum isoelectronic sequence from Ti X through Kr XXIV, Xe XLII, and W LXII

Large-scale self-consistent multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock subsequent relativistic configuration interaction (RCl) calculations are reported for 360 states belonging to the 30 configurations 3s(2))3l, 4l. 5l}, 3p(2) (3d, 4l}, 3s(3p(2). 3d(2)),3s{3p3d, 3p4l. 3p5s, 3d4l'}, 3p3d(2), 3p(3) and 3d(3) with I = 0, 1,, n - 1 and l' = 0. 1. 2 in 17 systems of the aluminum-like isoelectronic sequence: Ti X through Kr XXIV, Xe XLII, and W LXII. Effects from electron correlation are taken into account by means of large expansions in terms of a basis of configuration state functions (CSF) and calculated energy levels are compared with existing theoretical calculations and the NIST Atomic Spectra database. Radiative E1, E2, M1 and M2 transition rates and associated lifetimes of energy levels are presented in online tables. The uncertainties of the calculated energies are very small, on average between 0.02% and 0.05%, which aid new line identifications in laboratory and astronomical spectra and also make it possible to find and rule out misidentifications. The uncertainties of the El transition probabilities, based on the agreement between values in the length and velocity gauges, are estimated to be of the order 0.5% for the strong transitions and 25% for the weaker intercombination transitions. The M1 transition values are not sensitive to electron correlation and are believed to be accurate to well within 1%. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc