IoT for Global Development to Achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: The New Scenario After the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 has not affected all countries equally: developing countries have been more disadvantaged by the pandemic. Regarding global development, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced a step back in the path to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs most negatively affected by the pandemic are identified here: education, health, and work. Then using the SDGs as a reference, this research explores the new challenges faced by developing countries and the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) after COVID-19's emergence. IoT solutions carried out in developing countries during the pandemic have been identified and reviewed. Successful Internet of Things for Development (IoT4D) projects, in relation to the SDGs, are highlighted. New social and technical challenges that have emerged for the IoT4D as a consequence of the pandemic are then studied. This work concludes that the future of IoT4D in the wake of COVID-19 should focus on the use of low-cost IoT devices for the SDGs most affected by the pandemic. After an exhaustive study, the Intelligent Internet of Things (IIoT) has been determined to be a key actor in the pandemic's wake, with a leading role in the health sector. The proposed approach includes an extensive study of the new role of the IoT4D for achieving the SDGs in our forever changed world.This work was supported by the European Commission through Urban Innovative Actions of the EPIU Getafe Project under Grant UIA04-212. The work of Ascensión López-Vargas was supported by the University of Jaén, ``Ayudas de la EDUJA para la realización de estancias para la obtención de Mención Internacional,'' in 2019. The work of Agapito Ledezma was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) under Grant RTI2018-096036-B-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The work of Araceli Sanchis was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) under Grant PID2019-104793RB-C31/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Structure and population dynamics of the secondary burrower crayfish Procambarus acanthophorus from a tropical Mexican wetland

The catch-size, sex-ratio, structure and dynamics, and mortality of a population of the secondary burrower crayfish Procambarus acanthophorus Villalobos, 1948, from tropical wetland La Mixtequilla, Veracruz, Mexico, were examined. Monthly samples were taken from artisanal commercial captures. A total of 2,141 individuals were caught. Although the total female:male ratio was 0.86, variation in sex ratios have also been found in monthly catches. Monthly polymodal frequency distributions of Cephalothorax Length (CL) were analyzed by the Bhattacharya method. Population catches consisted of six CL-classes. The CL-class dynamic may show adaptations to the flood period. Growth parameters were estimated using the von Bertalanffy model. For females, K = 0.39 year (yr)–1, CL∞ = 57.30 mm, Φ’ 3.11, and tmax = 6.73 yr, and for males, K = 0.40 yr–1, CL∞= 59.00 mm, Φ’ 3.14, and tmax = 6.59 yr were found. We also examined whether water temperature influences catches or sex ratio.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author