Perfil, motivação e satisfação do visitante turístico: o caso de Cuenca, cidade patrimônio da humanidade

Tourism is a driving force for the economy of Cuenca, Spain. Nevertheless, depopulation is restraining its development. One possible measure to reactivate touristic activity involves the segmentation of visitors into defined groups in order to offer services and products according to visitors’ interests and needs. This research aims to know the visitors’ profile based on their sociodemographic data, their trip characteristics and, particularly, their motivations. In addition, this research examines the visitors’ satisfaction and its relationship to their trip motivations. To this end, two questionnaires were developed and distributed to visitors. The obtained data was analysed through the SPSS statistical software. Results encourage the use of motivation as a segmentation criterion along with the collection of visitors’ sociodemographic data and trip characteristics. This research also proves that tourist satisfaction is related to visitors’ motivations, except for the ‘general satisfiers’. In addition, it is found that tourism promotion needs to be orientated towards potential sources of visitors through the Internet, bearing in mind the importance of the image of the destination.El turismo es un motor económico en Cuenca (España); sin embargo, la despoblación frena su desarrollo. Una posible medida para reactivar la actividad turística pasa por segmentar a los visitantes en grupos definidos con el objetivo de ofrecer servicios y productos ajustados a sus deseos y necesidades. Esta investigación se propone conocer los perfiles de visitantes de la ciudad en base a datos sociodemográficos, características del viaje y, sobre todo, sus motivaciones. Además, se indaga en su satisfacción y en la relación con las motivaciones de la visita. Para ello, se han desarrollado dos cuestionarios cumplimentados por los visitantes de la ciudad. Los datos obtenidos han sido explotados a través del software estadístico SPSS.  Los resultados avalan el uso de la motivación como criterio de segmentación junto con la recopilación de datos sociodemográficos del visitante y las características de su viaje. De igual modo, se demuestra que la satisfacción turística tiene relación con las motivaciones del visitante a excepción de los llamados “satisfactores generales”. Además, se constata que la promoción turística debe orientarse hacia los potenciales focos emisores de visitantes y a través de internet, teniendo en consideración la importancia de la imagen de destino.O turismo é um motor econômico na cidade de Cuenca na Espanha), no entanto, o despovoamento retarda o seu desenvolvimento. Uma das medidas possíveis para reativar a atividade turística consiste em segmentar os visitantes em grupos definidos, como o objetivo de oferecer serviços e produtos adaptados aos seus desejos e necessidades. Esta pesquisa, visa conhecer os perfis dos visitantes da cidade com base em dados sociodemográficos, características de viagem e, principalmente de tudo, as suas motivações. Além disso, investiga a sua satisfação e a sua relação com as motivações da visita. Para este fim, foram elaborados dois questionários preenchidos pelos visitantes da cidade. Os dados obtidos foram explorados por meio do software estatístico SPSS. Os resultados comprovam a utilização da motivação como critério de segmentação junto com a coleta de dados sociodemográficos do visitante e das características da sua viagem. De igual modo, argumenta-se que a satisfação do turista está relacionada às motivações do visitante, com a exceção dos chamados “satisfatores gerais”. Além disso, verifica-se que a promoção turística deve orientar-se para potenciais focos emissores de visitantes e através da Internet, tendo em conta a importância da imagem do destino

Perfil, motivação e satisfação do visitante turístico. O caso de cuenca, cidade patrimônio da humanidade

El turismo es un motor económico en Cuenca (España); sin embargo, la despoblación frena su desarrollo. Una posible medida para reactivar la actividad turística pasa por segmentar a los visitantes en grupos definidos con el objetivo de ofrecer servicios y productos ajustados a sus deseos y necesidades. Esta investigación se propone conocer los perfiles de visitantes de la ciudad en base a datos sociodemográficos, características del viaje y, sobre todo, sus motivaciones. Además, se indaga en su satisfacción y en la relación con las motivaciones de la visita. Para ello, se han desarrollado dos cuestionarios cumplimentados por los visitantes de la ciudad. Los datos obtenidos han sido explotados a través del software estadístico SPSS. Los resultados avalan el uso de la motivación como criterio de segmentación junto con la recopilación de datos sociodemográficos del visitante y las características de su viaje. De igual modo, se demuestra que la satisfacción turística tiene relación con las motivaciones del visitante a excepción de los llamados “satisfactores generales”. Además, se constata que la promoción turística debe orientarse hacia los potenciales focos emisores de visitantes y a través de internet, teniendo en consideración la importancia de la imagen de destino.Tourism is a driving force for the economy of Cuenca, Spain. Nevertheless, depopulation is restraining its development. One possible measure to reactivate touristic activity involves the segmentation of visitors into defined groups in order to offer services and products according to visitors’ interests and needs. This research aims to know the visitors’ profile based on their sociodemographic data, their trip characteristics and, particularly, their motivations. In addition, this research examines the visitors’ satisfaction and its relationship to their trip motivations. To this end, two questionnaires were developed and distributed to visitors. The obtained data was analysed through the SPSS statistical software. Results encourage the use of motivation as a segmentation criterion along with the collection of visitors’ sociodemographic data and trip characteristics. This research also proves that tourist satisfaction is related to visitors’ motivations, except for the ‘general satisfiers’. In addition, it is found that tourism promotion needs to be orientated towards potential sources of visitors through the Internet, bearing in mind the importance of the image of the destination.O turismo é um motor econômico na cidade de Cuenca na Espanha), no entanto, o despovoamento retarda o seu desenvolvimento. Uma das medidas possíveis para reativar a atividade turística consiste em segmentar os visitantes em grupos definidos, como o objetivo de oferecer serviços e produtos adaptados aos seus desejos e necessidades. Esta pesquisa, visa conhecer os perfis dos visitantes da cidade com base em dados sociodemográficos, características de viagem e, principalmente de tudo, as suas motivações. Além disso, investiga a sua satisfação e a sua relação com as motivações da visita. Para este fim, foram elaborados dois questionários preenchidos pelos visitantes da cidade. Os dados obtidos foram explorados por meio do software estatístico SPSS. Os resultados comprovam a utilização da motivação como critério de segmentação junto com a coleta de dados sociodemográficos do visitante e das características da sua viagem. De igual modo, argumenta-se que a satisfação do turista está relacionada às motivações do visitante, com a exceção dos chamados “satisfatores gerais”. Além disso, verifica-se que a promoção turística deve orientar-se para potenciais focos emissores de visitantes e através da Internet, tendo em conta a importância da imagem do destino.Instituto de Investigaciones en Turism

Proceso tecnológico para la germinación comercial de la semilla de arroz

The investigation was carried out during the time of cold 2012-2013 with the objective of to develop and to determine the appropriate steps for the germination of the seed of rice for the method Vietnamese, an experimental design of Blocks Chance was used with factorial arrangement of two factors (2 x 4): two technological variants (technology bases and new technology) in four moments (November 23/2012, December 15/2012, January 15/2013 and February 15/2013) and 4 repetitions. The process bases it was taken I end up according to the technical regulatory scheme of the cultivation of the rice in Cuba and it stops in the retrial the indication of the process Vietnamese the one it was continued which was adapted to the conditions of Cuba, as germination of the seed of rice he/she has two decisive stages; hydrate process and process of rest, at the 48 hours of being in the stage rest, were determined by treatment the germinated seeds, long of the radícula and the long of the plúmula, to the collected data they were carried out analysis of variance bifactorial. The significant differences among stockings you docimaron according to the test of Multiple Ranges of Dúncan for pLa investigación se llevó a cabo durante la época de frío 2012 _ 2013 con el objetivo de desarrollar y determinar los pasos adecuados para la germinación de la semilla de arroz por el método vietnamita, se utilizó un diseño experimental de Bloques Azar con arreglo factorial de dos factores (2 x 4): dos variantes tecnológicas (tecnología base y nueva tecnología) en cuatro momentos (noviembre 23/2012, diciembre 15/2012, enero 15/2013 y febrero 15/2013) y 4 repeticiones. El proceso base se llevó acabo según la normativa técnica del cultivo del arroz en Cuba y para en el nuevo proceso se siguió la indicación del proceso vietnamita el cual se adecuó a las condiciones de Cuba, como germinación de la semilla de arroz tiene dos etapas decisivas; proceso de hidratación y proceso de reposo, a las 48 horas de estar en la etapa reposo, se determinó por tratamiento las semillas germinadas, largo de la radícula y el largo de la plúmula, a los datos colectados se realizaron análisis de varianza bifactorial. Las diferencias significativas entre medias se docimaron según la prueba de Rangos Múltiples de Dúncan para p=0.05. Todos los análisis estadísticos se llevaron a cabo con el software STATGRAPHICS Plus versión 5.1 en ambiente Windows. Se encontró que con la nueva variante tecnológica se logró la adecuada proporción entre la radícula y la plúmula, se incrementó la germinación de la semilla en un 13.35% y con ello el ahorro de 19 kg de semilla de arroz por cada hectárea cultivada

Psychogenic Anal Pain (PAP): A New Concept of Chronic Proctalgia

Introducción: El Dolor Anal Crónico cuando su causa no es orgánica, los criterios de Roma IV, lo definen como Dolor Anal Funcional Inespecífico, estos pacientes en su mayoría tienen trastornos psicológicos de base que los convierte como posibles factores causantes del dolor. Objetivos: Verificar prevalencia y determinar la asociación entre los factores psicológicos y el dolor anal crónico. Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo, observacional, longitudinal, de cohorte y multicéntrico. Con un universo de 3.361 pacientes; excluidos 3.105, y una muestra obtenida de 256, no encontrando patología orgánica identificable.  Resultados: La prevalencia de Dolor Anal Psicógeno fue de 256 (8%). Al tacto rectal identificamos dos variedades o subtipos: Variedad I, 85 pacientes (2.7%), con esfínter anal normotónico relacionado con Síndrome de Intestino Irritable. Variedad II, 171 pacientes (5.3%), con esfínter anal hipertónico relacionado con causas psicológicas puras. Riesgo Relativo (IC 95%) de los factores psicógenos ante el Dolor Anal Crónico de 8,06, con un 706% de incremento del riesgo para los pacientes expuestos al factor. El rango de edad predominante es de 41 a 50 años con 36% (n=93) y con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino con 54% (n=139). Conclusiones: Consideramos que la asistencia de la terapia farmacológica puede ser útil como eficiente placebo y sostenemos que las medidas invasivas, como: acupuntura, electroestimulación galvánica, bioretroalimentacion, entre otros imbrican para otra entidad nosológica. Al comprobar que, 5.3% de pacientes respondieron favorablemente al tratamiento psicológico, hay la posibilidad de estar frente a un nuevo enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico.Introduction: Chronic Anal Pain when its cause is not organic, the Rome IV criteria define it as Unspecific Functional Anal Pain, these patients mostly have psychological disorders that become possible causes of pain. Objectives: Identify prevalence and determine the association between psychological factors and chronic anal pain. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, observational, longitudinal, multicenter cohort study. With a universe of 3,361 patients; 3,105 were excluded, and a sample obtained from 256, finding no identifiable organic pathology. Results: The prevalence of Unspecific Functional Chronic Anal Pain was 256 (8%). During rectal examination, we identified two varieties or subtypes: Variety I: 85 patients (2.7%), with normotonic anal sphincter related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Variety II, 171 patients (5.3%), with hypertonic anal sphincter related to PAP. Relative Risk (95% CI) of psychogenic factors for Chronic Anal Pain was 8.06, with a 706% increase in risk for patients exposed to the factor. The predominant age range was 41 to 50 (36%; n=93) and more frequently in the female sex (54%; n=139). Conclusions: We consider that the assistance of pharmacological therapy can be useful as an efficient placebo and we maintain that invasive measures, such as: acupuncture, galvanic electrostimulation, biofeedback, among others, overlap with another nosological entity. By verifying that 5.3% of patients responded favorably to psychological treatment, there is the possibility of having a new diagnostic and therapeutic approach

Effectiveness of a strategy that uses educational games to implement clinical practice guidelines among Spanish residents of family and community medicine (e-EDUCAGUIA project):A clinical trial by clusters

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS Grant Number PI11/0477 ISCIII.-REDISSEC Proyecto RD12/0001/0012 AND FEDER Funding.Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed with the aim of helping health professionals, patients, and caregivers make decisions about their health care, using the best available evidence. In many cases, incorporation of these recommendations into clinical practice also implies a need for changes in routine clinical practice. Using educational games as a strategy for implementing recommendations among health professionals has been demonstrated to be effective in some studies; however, evidence is still scarce. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a teaching strategy for the implementation of CPGs using educational games (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) to improve knowledge and skills related to clinical decision-making by residents in family medicine. The primary objective will be evaluated at 1 and 6months after the intervention. The secondary objectives are to identify barriers and facilitators for the use of guidelines by residents of family medicine and to describe the educational strategies used by Spanish teaching units of family and community medicine to encourage implementation of CPGs. Methods/design: We propose a multicenter clinical trial with randomized allocation by clusters of family and community medicine teaching units in Spain. The sample size will be 394 residents (197 in each group), with the teaching units as the randomization unit and the residents comprising the analysis unit. For the intervention, both groups will receive an initial 1-h session on clinical practice guideline use and the usual dissemination strategy by e-mail. The intervention group (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) strategy will consist of educational games with hypothetical clinical scenarios in a virtual environment. The primary outcome will be the score obtained by the residents on evaluation questionnaires for each clinical practice guideline. Other included variables will be the sociodemographic and training variables of the residents and the teaching unit characteristics. The statistical analysis will consist of a descriptive analysis of variables and a baseline comparison of both groups. For the primary outcome analysis, an average score comparison of hypothetical scenario questionnaires between the EDUCAGUIA intervention group and the control group will be performed at 1 and 6months post-intervention, using 95% confidence intervals. A linear multilevel regression will be used to adjust the model. Discussion: The identification of effective teaching strategies will facilitate the incorporation of available knowledge into clinical practice that could eventually improve patient outcomes. The inclusion of information technologies as teaching tools permits greater learning autonomy and allows deeper instructor participation in the monitoring and supervision of residents. The long-term impact of this strategy is unknown; however, because it is aimed at professionals undergoing training and it addresses prevalent health problems, a small effect can be of great relevance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02210442.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

100 años investigando el mar. El IEO en su centenario (1914-2014).

Se trata de un libro que pretende divulgar a la sociedad las principales investigaciones multidisciplinares llevadas a cabo por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía durante su primer siglo de vida, y dar a conocer la historia del organismo, de su Sede Central y de los nueve centros oceanográficos repartidos por los litorales mediterráneo y atlántico, en la península y archipiélagos.Kongsberg 20

Garbage in, garbage out: how reliable training data improved a virtual screening approach against SARS-CoV-2 MPro

Introduction: The identification of chemical compounds that interfere with SARS-CoV-2 replication continues to be a priority in several academic and pharmaceutical laboratories. Computational tools and approaches have the power to integrate, process and analyze multiple data in a short time. However, these initiatives may yield unrealistic results if the applied models are not inferred from reliable data and the resulting predictions are not confirmed by experimental evidence.Methods: We undertook a drug discovery campaign against the essential major protease (MPro) from SARS-CoV-2, which relied on an in silico search strategy –performed in a large and diverse chemolibrary– complemented by experimental validation. The computational method comprises a recently reported ligand-based approach developed upon refinement/learning cycles, and structure-based approximations. Search models were applied to both retrospective (in silico) and prospective (experimentally confirmed) screening.Results: The first generation of ligand-based models were fed by data, which to a great extent, had not been published in peer-reviewed articles. The first screening campaign performed with 188 compounds (46 in silico hits and 100 analogues, and 40 unrelated compounds: flavonols and pyrazoles) yielded three hits against MPro (IC50 ≤ 25 μM): two analogues of in silico hits (one glycoside and one benzo-thiazol) and one flavonol. A second generation of ligand-based models was developed based on this negative information and newly published peer-reviewed data for MPro inhibitors. This led to 43 new hit candidates belonging to different chemical families. From 45 compounds (28 in silico hits and 17 related analogues) tested in the second screening campaign, eight inhibited MPro with IC50 = 0.12–20 μM and five of them also impaired the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells (EC50 7–45 μM).Discussion: Our study provides an example of a virtuous loop between computational and experimental approaches applied to target-focused drug discovery against a major and global pathogen, reaffirming the well-known “garbage in, garbage out” machine learning principle