Qualitative Based Comparison of Routing Protocols for VANET

Vehicular ad hoc network is one of the most promising applications of MANET that an inter communication system. In VANET nodes which are vehicles can move safety with high speed and generally must communicate quickly reliably. When an accident occurs in a road or highway, alarm messages must be disseminated, instead of ad hoc routed, to inform all other vehicles. Vehicular ad hoc network architecture and cellular technology to achieve intelligent communication and improve road traffic safety and efficiency .To organize their in vehicle computing system, vehicle to vehicle ad hoc networks, hybrid architecture with special properties such as high mobility, network portioning and constrained topology .there is a lot of research about VANET for driving services, traffic information services, user communication and information services. VANET can perform effective communication by utilizing routing information. Some researchers are contributed a lots in the area of VANET. In this articles mainly focusing on significant features, performance improvement in comparisons of routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). Keywords: VANET, Routing Protocol, PBR, CAR, CBR etc

Regulating the Use of Commercial Drones: Quest for Finding A Space Within Airspace – An Asian Perspective

The advent of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has significantly affected the navigational route of the existing aviation system. Though there are sufficiently developed air routes for national and international flights, the drones have become a threat or at least an encroachment upon those peaceable use of the air navigational routes. At several reported instances, close collisions of aircraft and drones got averted that would have otherwise caused severe disturbances to the paths of the aircraft. On the request of its Member-States, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) has developed a model for drone regulations. However, such regulations need uniformity and consanguinity among national regulations that  complement global initiatives. Thus, this paper seeks to analyze the prevalent Asian practices on drone regulations. Since the technology has got its imminence in Asian markets such as Hong Kong and Singapore with future scope for other Asian countries, the authors make a comparative analysis of “policies” of Asian countries, with the policies of the European Union and the United States. In conclusion, the paper prefers an argument for developing a dedicated Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for drones within the currently available flying zones so that any future misfortunes could be averted. Keywords: Drones, Asia, International, Policy, Navigation, Regulation. DOI: 10.7176/JAAS/71-05 Publication date: April 30th 202

Magnetic Properties of Fe and Ni Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles

In this work, we report the room temperature ferromagnetism in Sn1‐xFexO2 and Sn1‐xNixO2 (x = 0.00, 0.03 and 0.05) nano‐crystalline powders. All the samples were prepared using co‐precipitation method. X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDAX), UV‐ visible absorption spectroscopy and room temperature magnetization measurements were performed to study the crystal structure, morphology, elemental analysis, optical band gap and magnetic properties of Fe and Ni doped SnO2. TEM results depict the formation of spherically shaped and small sized nanoparticles of the diameter of ~ 3 nm.  The band gap energy of the Fe and Ni doped samples found to decrease with increasing their concentrations. The higher saturation magnetization was observed in low concentration Fe and Ni doped tin oxide

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) for Bangladeshi Vehicles

This paper presents Automatic License Plate extraction character segmentation and recognition method for license plate of Bangladeshi vehicles with chain code and neural network In Bangladesh license plate models are not followed strictly Characters on plate are in Bangla and English languages and also are in one or two lines Due to dissimilarity in the model of license plates vehicle license plate extraction character segmentation and recognition are key issue Different types of algorithm already applied and the performance is examined for English license plate We describe the license plate extraction character segmentation and recognition work with Bangla characters License plate extraction is performed using Sobel filter connected component analysis and morphological operations Character segmentation is performed in different levels by using scanning the binary image horizontally and vertically and connected component analysis Character recognition is carried out using chain code generation and stored knowledge of the networ

Endothelin-1 stimulates oral fibroblasts to promote oral cancer invasion

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were to examine the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a pleiotropic peptide found at elevated levels in a number of malignancies and which has been shown to influence oral cancer cell behaviour via paracrine signalling pathways, on the phenotype of oral fibroblasts.Main methodsThe effect of ET-1 on proliferation and migration of human primary oral fibroblasts was assessed using MTS and scratch assays, respectively. The ability of ET-1 to affect fibroblast contractility was analysed using type-I collagen gels. Changes in gene expression in oral fibroblasts exposed to ET-1 were examined using quantitative PCR. The invasiveness of oral cancer cells in the presence of conditioned media collected from ET-1 treated fibroblasts was determined using 2D Matrigel assays.Key findingsHere we provide evidence that ET-1 increases the migration of oral fibroblasts and induces a more contractile phenotype which is not associated with changes in gene expression indicative of myofibroblast transdifferentiation. In addition we provide evidence that conditioned medium of ET-1-stimulated oral fibroblasts promotes invasion of OSCC cells in vitro.SignificanceIn oral squamous cell carcinoma, a frequently fatal and increasingly common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity, ET-1 is known to contribute to pro-migratory paracrine signalling between stromal fibroblasts and cancer cells. The ability of ET-1 to modulate the phenotype of human oral stromal fibroblasts, however, has not previously been reported. The findings presented here suggest that targeting the stromal endothelin system may be a viable and novel therapeutic strategy for invasive oral cancer

Fluctuating Heat and Mass Transfer on Unsteady MHD Free Convection Flow of Radiating and Reacting Fluid past a Vertical Porous Plate in Slip- Flow Regime

In this paper, an analytical study on unsteady MHD free convective viscous incompressible flow of electrically-conducting fluid with periodic heat and mass transfer past an infinite vertical porous flat plate in slip flow regime is presented. A uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plate is applied. The effects of thermal radiation and chemical reaction are included. The effects of flow parameters and thermo physical properties on the flow, temperature and concentration fields across the boundary layer are investigated. The forms of the wall shear stress, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are derived. The results are shown in figures and tables followed by a quantitative discussion

High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization

Conversion of carbon dioxide into selective hydrocarbon using a stable catalyst remains a holy grail in the catalysis community. The high overpotential, stability, and selectivity in the use of a single-metal-based catalyst still remain a challenge. In current work, instead of using pure noble metals (Ag, Au, and Pt) as the catalyst, a nanocrystalline high-entropy alloy (HEA: AuAgPtPdCu) has been used for the conversion of CO2 into gaseous hydrocarbons. Utilizing an approach of multimetallic HEA, a faradic efficiency of about 100% toward gaseous products is obtained at a low applied potential (−0.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode). The reason behind the catalytic activity and selectivity of the high-entropy alloy (HEA) toward CO2 electroreduction was established through first-principles-based density functional theory (DFT) by comparing it with the pristine Cu(111) surface. This is attributed to the reversal in adsorption trends for two out of the total eight intermediates—*OCH3 and *O on Cu(111) and HEA surfaces

Properties of high-frequency wave power halos around active regions: an analysis of multi-height data from HMI and AIA onboard SDO

We study properties of waves of frequencies above the photospheric acoustic cut-off of $\approx$5.3 mHz, around four active regions, through spatial maps of their power estimated using data from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The wavelength channels 1600 {\AA} and 1700 {\AA} from AIA are now known to capture clear oscillation signals due to helioseismic p modes as well as waves propagating up through to the chromosphere. Here we study in detail, in comparison with HMI Doppler data, properties of the power maps, especially the so called 'acoustic halos' seen around active regions, as a function of wave frequencies, inclination and strength of magnetic field (derived from the vector field observations by HMI) and observation height. We infer possible signatures of (magneto-)acoustic wave refraction from the observation height dependent changes, and hence due to changing magnetic strength and geometry, in the dependences of power maps on the photospheric magnetic quantities. We discuss the implications for theories of p mode absorption and mode conversions by the magnetic field.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, Accepted by journal Solar Physic