The Road from Medical Injury to Claims Resolution: How No-Fault and Tort Differ

In the area of medical malpractice, no-fault has been offered as a response to the criticisms leveled against tort litigation for medical injuries. Five issues of no-fault are examined within the context of obstetrical malpractice

RE-DESAIN PRESIDENT SHOPPING CENTER DI KOTA MANADO DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HIJAU

ABSTRAK   Pusat perbelanjaan / Shopping center merupakan aktivitas komersill yang direncanakan, dikembangkan, dimiliki dan dioperasikan dalam satu unit bisnis. Kota manado sempat mempunyai pusat perbelanjaan yang sempat popularrdi tahun 1990- an, yaitu President Shopping Center. Melihat kondisi bangunan saat ini, fasilitas utama atau pendukung, dan peruntukannya, President Shopping Center tidak lagi memenuhi syarat sebagai pusat perbelanjaan di kota Manado dannsekitarnya. Tujuan dari me- redesain President Shopping Center di Kota Manado merupakan mendesain ulang President Shopping Center menjadi lebih menarik dan aman dari yang ada saat ini dengannmemperhatikan kawasan sekitar. President Shopping Center dirancang Kembali dengan metoda pendekatan Arsitektur Hijau dengan konsep ruang terbuka hijau yang bisa membagikan rasa kenyamanan yang lebih dalam melaksanakan aktivitas berbelanja.   Kata Kunci: Re-Desain, President Shopping Center, Manado, Arsitektur Hijau   ABSTRACT   Shopping center / Shopping center is a commercial activity that is planned, developed, owned and operated in one business unit. Manado City once had a shopping center that was popular in the 1990s, namely President Shopping Center. Looking at the current condition of the building, main or supporting facilities, and its designation, President Shopping Center no longer qualifies as a shopping center in the city of Manado and its surroundings The purpose of redesigning the President Shopping Center in Manado City is to redesign the President Shopping Center to be more attractive and safer than the current one by paying attention to the surrounding area. President Shopping Center is redesigned with a Green Architecture approach method with the concept of green open space that can share a sense of more comfort in carrying out shopping activities   KeyWords: Re-Design, President Shopping Center, Manado, Green Architectur

SOFIA/EXES Observations of Water Absorption in the Protostar AFGL 2591 at High Spectral Resolution

We present high spectral resolution (~3 km/s) observations of the nu_2 ro-vibrational band of H2O in the 6.086--6.135 micron range toward the massive protostar AFGL 2591 using the Echelon-Cross-Echelle Spectrograph (EXES) on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Ten absorption features are detected in total, with seven caused by transitions in the nu_2 band of H2O, two by transitions in the first vibrationally excited nu_2 band of H2O, and one by a transition in the nu_2 band of H2{18}O. Among the detected transitions is the nu_2 1(1,1)--0(0,0) line which probes the lowest lying rotational level of para-H2O. The stronger transitions appear to be optically thick, but reach maximum absorption at a depth of about 25%, suggesting that the background source is only partially covered by the absorbing gas, or that the absorption arises within the 6 micron emitting photosphere. Assuming a covering fraction of 25%, the H2O column density and rotational temperature that best fit the observed absorption lines are N(H2O)=(1.3+-0.3)*10^{19} cm^{-2} and T=640+-80 K.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ

Long distance literacies: Developing academic engagement and equality of provision for distance learners

The Distance Learning PGCE is a Level 7 course, with many students requiring additional support to develop academic skills at this level. Campus-based students with similar needs have access to academic skills guidance from academic librarians and [institution LD team] which includes self-learn material, drop-in workshops and one-to-one tutorials as well as embedded skills sessions. There are numerous online self-access tutorials for distance learners (see for example [link to institution LD online resources]), however this asynchronous provision inevitably lacks the social and interactive learning opportunities available via synchronous tuition (Hrastinkski, 2008). This can reduce ‘transactional distance’ (Moore, 1993) and result in an unequal learning experience for distance learners. This project seeks to redress the balance by providing a structured programme of synchronous online interactive academic skills workshops (webinars) for distance learners on this course. The project is a collaboration between the Online Learning Tutors, the Academic Librarian and a student partner from the previous year’s cohort. We intend to evaluate the programme by collecting a range of data including participant self-assessment (quantitative); webinar evaluation (quantitative and qualitative) and focus groups (qualitative). Analysis of these data will enable us to answer two key questions: Have students’ academic skills improved as a result of the synchronous learning opportunities? Have the synchronous learning opportunities helped to reduce transactional distance? Although we are still in the data collection phase of the project, preliminary findings indicate a positive response from participants with regard to both questions

Strong Nebular Line Ratios in the Spectra of z~2-3 Star-forming Galaxies: First Results from KBSS-MOSFIRE

We present initial results of a deep near-IR spectroscopic survey covering the 15 fields of the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey (KBSS) using MOSFIRE on the Keck 1 telescope, focusing on a sample of 251 galaxies with redshifts 2.0< z < 2.6, star-formation rates 2 < SFR < 200 M_sun/yr, and stellar masses 8.6 < log(M*/M_sun) < 11.4, with high-quality spectra in both H- and K-band atmospheric windows. We show unambiguously that the locus of z~2.3 galaxies in the "BPT" nebular diagnostic diagram exhibits a disjoint, yet similarly tight, relationship between the ratios [NII]6585/Halpha and [OIII]/Hbeta as compared to local galaxies. Using photoionization models, we argue that the offset of the z~2.3 locus relative to z~ 0 is explained by a combination of harder ionizing radiation field, higher ionization parameter, and higher N/O at a given O/H than applies to most local galaxies, and that the position of a galaxy along the z~2.3 star-forming BPT locus is surprisingly insensitive to gas-phase oxygen abundance. The observed nebular emission line ratios are most easily reproduced by models in which the net ionizing radiation field resembles a blackbody with effective temperature T_eff = 50000-60000 K and N/O close to the solar value at all O/H. We critically assess the applicability of commonly-used strong line indices for estimating gas-phase metallicities, and consider the implications of the small intrinsic scatter in the empirical relationship between excitation-sensitive line indices and stellar mass (i.e., the "mass-metallicity" relation), at z~2.3.Comment: 41 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Version with full-resolution figures available at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~ccs/mos_bpt_submit.pd

Modular Open-Source Design of Pyrolysis Reactor Monitoring and Control Electronics

Industrial pilot projects often rely on proprietary and expensive electronic hardware to control and monitor experiments. This raises costs and retards innovation. Open-source hardware tools exist for implementing these processes individually; however, they are not easily integrated with other designs. The Broadly Reconfigurable and Expandable Automation Device (BREAD) is a framework that provides many open-source devices which can be connected to create more complex data acquisition and control systems. This article explores the feasibility of using BREAD plug-and-play open hardware to quickly design and test monitoring and control electronics for an industrial materials processing prototype pyrolysis reactor. Generally, pilot-scale pyrolysis plants are expensive custom designed systems. The plug-and-play prototype approach was first tested by connecting it to the pyrolysis reactor and ensuring that it can measure temperature and actuate heaters and a stirring motor. Next, a single circuit board system was created and tested using the designs from the BREAD prototype to reduce the number of microcontrollers required. Both open-source control systems were capable of reliably running the pyrolysis reactor continuously, achieving equivalent performance to a state-of-the-art commercial controller with a ten-fold reduction in the overall cost of control. Open-source, plug-and-play hardware provides a reliable avenue for researchers to quickly develop data acquisition and control electronics for industrial-scale experiments

Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, tau tangles, inflammation, and loss of cognitive function. Genetic variation in a cholesterol transport protein, apolipoprotein E (apoE), is the most common genetic risk factor for sporadic AD. In vitro evidence suggests that apoE links to Aβ production through nanoscale lipid compartments (lipid clusters), but its regulation in vivo is unclear. Here, we use superresolution imaging in the mouse brain to show that apoE utilizes astrocyte-derived cholesterol to specifically traffic neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP) in and out of lipid clusters, where it interacts with β- and γ-secretases to generate Aβ-peptide. We find that the targeted deletion of astrocyte cholesterol synthesis robustly reduces amyloid and tau burden in a mouse model of AD. Treatment with cholesterol-free apoE or knockdown of cholesterol synthesis in astrocytes decreases cholesterol levels in cultured neurons and causes APP to traffic out of lipid clusters, where it interacts with α-secretase and gives rise to soluble APP-α (sAPP-α), a neuronal protective product of APP. Changes in cellular cholesterol have no effect on α-, β-, and γ-secretase trafficking, suggesting that the ratio of Aβ to sAPP-α is regulated by the trafficking of the substrate, not the enzymes. We conclude that cholesterol is kept low in neurons, which inhibits Aβ accumulation and enables the astrocyte regulation of Aβ accumulation by cholesterol signaling