Movement and Homing of Sunfishes in Clear Lake

During the summer of 1964, pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus), bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) were taken by shocking in certain areas of Clear Lake, Iowa, marked with numbered jawtags, and displaced to other neighboring areas. Recaptures indicate that separate populations live in various parts of the lake. Recapture rates for pumpkinseeds and bluegills replaced in their home areas were higher than for those displaced to other areas. No correlation was shown between homing and distance displaced, but distances did not exceed 2200 feet. The larger fish showed a greater homing tendency. Home ranges are apparently maintained only for relatively short periods by these fish. Direct observation of homing indicated that green sunfish have a higher precision in orienting themselves and returning to the area of original capture than do the other two species

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries