Influence of digital technologies on the language of electronic communication

Tato práce se zaměřuje na jazyk elektronické komunikace a její vývoj. Cílem bylo prozkoumat využití různých prostředků a metod elektronického jazyka, konkrétně využití akronymů, inicializací, redukcí slov a homofonů písmen / čísel. Tyto prostředky jsou adresovány v teoretické části, která zkoumá vývoj, historii a typy elektronické komunikace. Tím byl vytvořen pevný základ pro další výzkum. Praktická část obsahuje analýzy 150 vybraných výňatků z webu sociální sítě Twitter. Cílem bylo prozkoumat využití výše zmíněných prostředků elektronické komunikace. Zvolená metoda zahrnuje analýzy komentářů na sociálních sítích Twitter. Výsledky zahrnují výpočet nejčastěji se vyskytujících metod ve srovnání s odhadovanými počty. Zvláštní pozornost je také zaměřena na stylizovaný pravopis, prostředky vyjadřování mimojazykových funkcí a netradiční stylizované interpunkce. Každá sekce je podporována grafy. Souhrn a rekapitulaci lze nalézt v poslední části této práce spolu s používaným materiálem. Materiál je uveden v dodatku.ObhájenoThis thesis focuses on the language of electronic communication and its development. The aim was to explore the usage of various means of and methods of electronic language, specifically the usage of acronyms, initialisms, word reduction and letter/number homophones. These means are established in the theoretical part, which explores the development, history and types of electronic communication. This created a solid base for further research. The practical part includes analyses of 150 chosen excerpts which were taken from the social networking site Twitter. The aim was to explore the usage of the means of electronic communication mentioned above. The chosen method includes analyses of comments of the social networking site Twitter. The results include the calculation of the most often occurred methods compared to the estimated numbers. Specific focus is also aimed at stylised spelling, means of expressing paralinguistic features and unconventional stylised punctuation. Each section is supported by graphs. A summary and recapitulation can be found in the last part of this thesis along with the material being used. The material is included in the Appendix

Spectroscopy of close visual binary components of the stable shell star 1 Del

Stable shell stars are ideal objects for studying basic physical principles of the formation of disks in Be stars. If these stars have a close unresolved visual companion, its contribution toward the modelling of the disk cannot be overlooked, as is sometimes done. The study aims to spectroscopically resolve close visual binary Be (shell) star 1 Del, which up to now was only resolved by speckle or micrometric measurements. The integral field spectroscopy obtained by the SINFONI spectrograph at the VLT telescope in the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in the infrared region was used; we supplemented these observations with visual spectroscopy with the Perek Telescope at the Ondrejov Observatory. Spectra of 1 Del were successfully resolved, and, for the first time, spectra of 1 Del B were obtained. We found that 1 Del A is a Be/shell star, while 1 Del B is not an emission-line object.Comment: accepted to Astronomy And Astrophysic

Genetic Variability of US and Czech Phalaris Arundinacea L. Wild and Cultivated Populations

The spread of invasive plant species in natural habitats has become a worldwide problem with negative impacts. Phalaris arundinacea, an important forage and ornamental crop, is widespread worldwide. In recent years there has been a massive spread of P. arundinacea across North America and Canada. Production of Phalaris seed as a forage crop occurs in northern Minnesota; seeds are sold throughout the world, particularly in central Europe. We tested genetic similarities and differences between populations in the US (Minnesota) and the Czech Republic using ISSRs to determine potential gene flow for this forage crop. The cultivated forage and wild genotypes were dispersed into two groups that overlapped. At least four sets of wild US genotypes are dissimilar to European counterparts and potentially native to N. America. Future work to prove the ancestry of each accession will be necessary. Nonetheless, the sale of forage cultivars related to or derived from European types causes genetic mixing with N. American types. Part of this intercontinental gene flow is exacerbated by the production of Phalaris forage seed in Minnesota. The implications of these findings for management of invasive crops native to both continents are significant for forage producers, managers, and breeders

Clonal structure of invasive cattail (Typhaceae

Abstract There is mounting evidence that the clonal dynamics of foundational plant species, including exotic invaders such as hybrid Typha x glauca, have a profound effect on wetland function. Here, we report on the clonal structure of five intensively sampled Typha stands from the Upper Midwest region where invasions have been especially disruptive. Each of these stands consisted of a large proportion of F 1 hybrids between T. latifolia and T. angustifolia, although backcrosses to both parents were also observed, and provided a means of determining relative age of invasion. We found clonal richness, measured as the proportion of ramets representing distinct genets, to vary positively with age of invasion over a range from 0.20 to 0.45, whereas Simpson's Evenness was relatively consistent among sites due to a pattern of dominance by a few large clones accompanied by many smaller clones. Ramets were significantly clumped within genets over a range of approximately 20 m, although many clones included ramets separated by as much as 60 to 90 m, suggesting some degree of clone fragmentation over time. Related genets were significantly clumped over approximately 10 m, suggesting that seedling cohorts may frequently recruit in close proximity to one another

Minority cytotypes in European populations of the Gymnadenia conopsea complex (Orchidaceae) greatly increase intraspecific and intrapopulation diversity

Background and Aims Patterns of ploidy variation among and within populations can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping the dynamics of plant systems showing ploidy diversity. Whereas data on majority ploidies are, by definition, often sufficiently extensive, much less is known about the incidence and evolutionary role of minority cytotypes. Methods Ploidy and proportions of endoreplicated genome were determined using DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) flow cytometry in 6150 Gymnadenia plants (fragrant orchids) collected from 141 populations in 17 European countries. All widely recognized European species, and several taxa of less certain taxonomic status were sampled within Gymnadenia conopsea sensu lato. Key Results Most Gymnadenia populations were taxonomically and/or ploidy heterogeneous. Two majority (2x and 4x) and three minority (3x, 5x and 6x) cytotypes were identified. Evolution largely proceeded at the diploid level, whereas tetraploids were much more geographically and taxonomically restricted. Although minority ploidies constituted <2 % of the individuals sampled, they were found in 35 % of populations across the entire area investigated. The amount of nuclear DNA, together with the level of progressively partial endoreplication, separated all Gymnadenia species currently widely recognized in Europe. Conclusions Despite their low frequency, minority cytotypes substantially increase intraspecific and intrapopulation ploidy diversity estimates for fragrant orchids. The cytogenetic structure of Gymnadenia populations is remarkably dynamic and shaped by multiple evolutionary mechanisms, including both the ongoing production of unreduced gametes and heteroploid hybridization. Overall, it is likely that the level of ploidy heterogeneity experienced by most plant species/populations is currently underestimated; intensive sampling is necessary to obtain a holistic pictur

Literary Image of the Nová Paka Region at the Turn of 19th and 20th Centuries

Práce se zaměřuje na zobrazování Novopacka v literatuře na přelomu 19. a 20. století v díle třech zvolených autorů. Jedná se o básnířku Magdu Bílou, básníka Jana Opolského a prozaika Josefa Karla Šlejhara. Každý z těchto autorů zastupuje jiný pohled na daný region a umožňuje tak zevrubnější zkoumání literárního obrazu. Primárním tématem jsou společné literární motivy a jejich proměny inspirované novopackým regionem. Dalším otázkou je i autorův vztah k danému regionu.The work is focused on the depiction of the Nová Paka region in the literature at the turn of 19th and 20th century in the writing of three selected authors. These are a poetess Magda Bílá, a poet Jan Opolský and a novelist Josef Karel Šlejhar. Each of these authors represents a different perspective on the region so it is possible to explore the topic comprehensively. The primary topics are the common literary motifs and their transformations inspired by the Nová Paka region. Another issue is the author´s relationship to the region.Ústav historických věd1. Představení práce. 2. Posudky vedoucího práce a oponenta. 3. Diskuse

Influence of digital technologies on the language of electronic communication

Tato práce se zaměřuje na jazyk elektronické komunikace a její vývoj. Cílem bylo prozkoumat využití různých prostředků a metod elektronického jazyka, konkrétně využití akronymů, inicializací, redukcí slov a homofonů písmen / čísel. Tyto prostředky jsou adresovány v teoretické části, která zkoumá vývoj, historii a typy elektronické komunikace. Tím byl vytvořen pevný základ pro další výzkum. Praktická část obsahuje analýzy 150 vybraných výňatků z webu sociální sítě Twitter. Cílem bylo prozkoumat využití výše zmíněných prostředků elektronické komunikace. Zvolená metoda zahrnuje analýzy komentářů na sociálních sítích Twitter. Výsledky zahrnují výpočet nejčastěji se vyskytujících metod ve srovnání s odhadovanými počty. Zvláštní pozornost je také zaměřena na stylizovaný pravopis, prostředky vyjadřování mimojazykových funkcí a netradiční stylizované interpunkce. Každá sekce je podporována grafy. Souhrn a rekapitulaci lze nalézt v poslední části této práce spolu s používaným materiálem. Materiál je uveden v dodatku.ObhájenoThis thesis focuses on the language of electronic communication and its development. The aim was to explore the usage of various means of and methods of electronic language, specifically the usage of acronyms, initialisms, word reduction and letter/number homophones. These means are established in the theoretical part, which explores the development, history and types of electronic communication. This created a solid base for further research. The practical part includes analyses of 150 chosen excerpts which were taken from the social networking site Twitter. The aim was to explore the usage of the means of electronic communication mentioned above. The chosen method includes analyses of comments of the social networking site Twitter. The results include the calculation of the most often occurred methods compared to the estimated numbers. Specific focus is also aimed at stylised spelling, means of expressing paralinguistic features and unconventional stylised punctuation. Each section is supported by graphs. A summary and recapitulation can be found in the last part of this thesis along with the material being used. The material is included in the Appendix

WHEN ACTOR WRITES A PLAY

This work named When actor writes a play is mostly dedicated to the Authorial theatre and the Authorial acting. I tried to describe the creation and the production of graduate and other authorial performances that I personally contributed to. I also described the creation of the play Siegfried´s Idyll, which I wrote and staged. The original text of the play is included in my dissertation work. By writing the paper I recapitulated my present theatre life and hopefully I learnt my lesson for the future career

Methodical Handbook for Teaching Slackline

Hlavním cílem práce bylo sestavení metodické příručky pro výuku slackline. Dílčími cíli bylo definování slackline a vytvoření obsáhlého fotomateriálu ilustrující sepsané metodické postupy. Součástí práce jsou kapitoly popisující slackline disciplíny, historii, fyziologické a fyzikální parametry. Dále výběr materiálu a postup při nácviku pohybu na slackline. Práce obsahuje 159 stran. Metodický obsah je znázorněn na 64 sekvenčních ilustracích. Ilustrace jsou složeny z 289 nafocených fotografií.The main target of the thesis was to create A Methodical Handbook For Teaching Slackline. Partial goals were defining slackline and completing a comprehensive photo material illustrating created methodical handbook. The thesis includes chapters describing slackline disciplines, history, physiology and physics. The thesis also deals with a choice of a slackline equipment and a process of learning slackline. The Handbook contains 159 pages. The photo material illustrating methodical work is shown in 64 sequential illustrations. The illustrations are composed of 289 photographs