Unlocking Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Hyacinth Bean (<em>Lablab purpureus</em> L.): Role of OMICS Based Biology, Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors

Hyacinth bean also known as Indian bean is multipurpose legume crops consumed both as food by humans and as forage by animals. Being a rich source of protein, it also produces distinct secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols and tyrosinase which not only help strengthened plant’s own innate immunity against abiotic/biotrophic attackers but also play important therapeutic role in the treatment of various chronic diseases. However, despite its immense therapeutic and nutritional attributes in strengthening food, nutrition and therapeutic security in many developing countries, it is still considered as an “orphan crop” for unravelling its genetic potential and underlying molecular mechanisms for enhancing secondary metabolite production. Several lines of literatures have well documented the use of OMICS based techniques and biotic and abiotic elicitors for stimulating secondary metabolite production particularly in model as well as in few economically important crops. However, only limited reports have described their application for stimulating secondary metabolite production in underutilised crops. Therefore, the present chapter will decipher different dimensions of multi-omics tools and their integration with other conventional techniques (biotic and abiotic elicitors) for unlocking hidden genetic potential of hyacinth bean for elevating the production of secondary metabolites having pharmaceutical and therapeutic application. Additionally, the study will also provide valuable insights about how these advance OMICS tools can be successfully exploited for accelerating functional genomics and breeding research for unravelling their hidden pharmaceutical and therapeutic potential thereby ensuring food and therapeutic security for the betterment of mankind

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Not AvailablePresent study was conducted to explore the role of exogenous salicylic acid (SA), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), abscisic acid ,(ABA) and proline (PRO) in mitigating high-temperature (HT) induced oxidative stress in different Lablab purpureus L. cultivars. The attempt was made to examine whether these phytohormones, when applied exogenously, were able to regulate plant morpho-physiological behavior by modulating genes and proteins involved in antioxidant defense system. The HT stress induced membrane damage, degraded chlorophyll, generated redox metabolites and significantly reduced growth and biomass in all the cultivars. Among all the four treatments, foliar application of SA and SNP were most effective in the regulation of growth and physiological processes of the cultivars compared to ABA and PRO applications. Thus, signifying the protective role of SA and SNP in mitigation of HT induced oxidative stress and conferring HT stress tolerance in the cultivars. Gene expression and leaf proteome analysis revealed that these phytohormones were also involved in regulation of defense related gene expression, stress inducible proteins and de novo synthesis of specific proteins under HT stress.The experimental findings depict that foliar applications of SA and SNP enhances HT stress tolerance in lablab cultivars by modulating antioxidant defense system and by regulating bio-physical growth more effectively as compared to ABA and PRO application.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA continuous increase in global mean temperature has become a major challenge for present and future agricultural productivity at worldwide. Therefore, present study was conducted to assess the impact of high temperature (HT) stress on seven Lablab purpureus L. inbred lines along with two parents viz, Arka Vijay and Kashi Khushal as check, to evaluate any genotypic variations exist among inbred lines for HT stress tolerance. The results show that HT induced higher levels of foliar injury in all inbred lines that significantly increased membrane damage, declined photosynthetic pigment contents and redox metabolites which ultimately led to the reduction in their growth and yield. However, among all the inbred lines used, three inbred lines viz, VRBSEM-1, VRBSEM-3 and VRBSEM-15 showed comparatively enhanced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants with increased secondary metabolites content as well as improved growth and yield related traits, thereby confirming that these inbred lines were efficiently utilizing reactive oxygen species as signaling molecule which regulated their growth and developmental process under HT stress. DNA fingerprinting analysis through ISSR and RAPD markers also established the genetic relationships among the inbred lines that coincides with above physiological and biochemical characterization, and grouped VRBSEM-1 & VRBSEM-3 and VRBSEM-9 & VRBSEM-15 inbred lines into one group and VRBSEM-8, VRBSEM-10, VRBSEM-14 into another group. The experimental findings clearly depict that all the cultivars of L. purpureus L. showed differential response to HT stress. Inbred lines with enhanced biochemical and physiological traits can be crossed to high yielding agronomical elite materials which can help plant breeders in selecting resistant cultivars for the area experiencing high temperature during the cropping season.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableHyacinth bean is an important traditional plant with substantial medicinal value. Being imperative, it is still less explored crop on genomic and transcriptomic scale that has indexed it as an “orphan” crop for its genome revolution. Among different crop legumes such as pigeon pea, chickpea, cowpea, soybean and common bean, hyacinth bean also serves as a significant source of nutrition for both tropical and temperate regions and execute an imperative function in fixing biological nitrogen in agriculture. Nonetheless, the productivity of hyacinth bean is restrained due to environmental and biotic cues. Thus, understanding of the genomic functions and identification of probable genes/proteins for major agronomic traits through transcriptomic approaches has become imperative to improve stress tolerance in hyacinth bean. For understanding the plant stress tolerance mechanisms, the deployment of functional genomics approaches viz., proteomics and metabolomics have become imperious in breeding programs in developing countries. These approaches have been successfully used in other legume crops to create protein reference maps and their exploitation through comparative approaches can greatly enhance the research and understanding of hyacinth bean biological processes to changing environmental conditions. In this review, emerging epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics approaches and their achievements both in model/crop legumes are discussed. Additionally, the review also provides an overview of the applications of advanced proteomics, metabolomics and next-generation sequencing technologies in the discovery of candidate biomarkers for the development of agronomically refined hyacinth bean which may further ensure food and nutritional security under adverse climacteric conditions in developing countries.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSalicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) are considered as putative plant growth regulators that are involved in the regulation of an array of plant’s growth and developmental functions under environmental fluctuations when applied at lower concentrations. The possible involvement of NO in SA induced attenuation of high temperature (HT) induced oxidative stress in plants is however, still vague and need to be explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigates the biochemical and physiological changes induced by foliar spray of SA and NO combinations to ameliorate HT induced oxidative stress in Lablab purpureus L. Foliar application of combined SA and NO significantly improved relative water content (27.8 %), photosynthetic pigment content (67.2 %), membrane stability (45 %), proline content (1.0 %), expression of enzymatic antioxidants (7.1–18 %) along with pod yield (1.0 %). Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) play crucial roles in plants abiotic stress tolerance, however there structural and functional classifications in L. purpureus L. is still unknown. So, In-silico approach was also used for functional characterization and homology modelling of HSFs in L. purpureus. The experimental findings depicted that combine effect of SA and NO enhances tolerance in HT stressed L. purpureus L. plants by regulating physiological functions, antioxidants, expression and regulation of stress-responsive genes via transcriptional regulation of heat shock factor.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factors (TFs) have been intensely reported toregulate plant growth and defence response under stress condition. In this study, we have investigated impact ofsalt stress (400 mM) at vegetative stage in tomato hybrids on (1) several yield and related components (2)relative water content, membrane stability (3) enzymatic activity and gene expression levels of stress responsive genesand since in tomato, little is known about its functional binding motifs, protein-protein interactions and core amino acid residues involved in the regulation of its expression under stress condition (4)we also used insilico approach to structurally and functionally characterize tomato DREB1 protein in response to salt stress. Salt stress imposed at vegetative stage caused significant reduction in relative water content, chlorophyll content,proline content, expression of stress responsive genes and enhanced membrane damage in all the hybrids.However, hybrids viz., VRTH-1754 and VRTH-1755 showed remarkable tolerance to salt stress as they showed low membrane damage, increased proline content and enhanced activity of antioxidant enzyme along with expression of stress responsive genes. Phylogenetic foot-printing, multiple sequence alignment, and motif analysis of S. lycopersicum DREB1 (SlDREB1) reveal remarkable similarities with its wild homologue showing monophyletic origin with S. pimpinellifolium and close relation with S. pennelli and S. tuberosum. Additionally, DNA-protein interaction study revealed that the SlDREB1 protein binds to Dehydration Responsive Element (DRE) DNA element through conserved KYRG region of AP2/ERF domain with flanking sequences viz., Tyr49,Gly50, Pro51, Cys52, and Arg54.Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) analysis predicted the most significant subcellular localization of SlDREB1 protein to the chloroplast (32.9%) followed by nucleus (28.9%) and cytoplasm (17.6%) revealing that SlDREB1 proteins were mainly involved in ethylene mediated signalling pathway, transcription initiation and defence response.Not Availabl

Recent advancement in modern genomic tools for adaptation of Lablab purpureus L to biotic and abiotic stresses: present mechanisms and future adaptations

Not AvailableHyacinth bean is an important traditional plant with substantial medicinal value. Being imperative, it is still less explored crop on genomic and transcriptomic scale that has indexed it as an “orphan” crop for its genome revolution. Among different crop legumes such as pigeon pea, chickpea, cowpea, soybean and common bean, hyacinth bean also serves as a significant source of nutrition for both tropical and temperate regions and execute an imperative function in fixing biological nitrogen in agriculture. Nonetheless, the productivity of hyacinth bean is restrained due to environmental and biotic cues. Thus, understanding of the genomic functions and identification of probable genes/proteins for major agronomic traits through transcriptomic approaches has become imperative to improve stress tolerance in hyacinth bean. For understanding the plant stress tolerance mechanisms, the deployment of functional genomics approaches viz., proteomics and metabolomics have become imperious in breeding programs in developing countries. These approaches have been successfully used in other legume crops to create protein reference maps and their exploitation through comparative approaches can greatly enhance the research and understanding of hyacinth bean biological processes to changing environmental conditions. In this review, emerging epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics approaches and their achievements both in model/crop legumes are discussed. Additionally, the review also provides an overview of the applications of advanced proteomics, metabolomics and next-generation sequencing technologies in the discovery of candidate biomarkers for the development of agronomically refined hyacinth bean which may further ensure food and nutritional security under adverse climacteric conditions in developing countries.Not Availabl