Protecting Fundamental Labor Rights: Lessons from Canada for the United States

This paper examines the decline in unionization in the United States that began to occur in about 1960. While various explanations have been put forward to explain this -- with many focusing on some form of structural changes to the economy or to the workforce, usually related to globalization or technological progress -- this paper focuses on the role that employer opposition to unions has played, together with relatively weak labor law. In order to fully flesh out the experience of the United States, it looks to the experience of Canada as the country most similar to it

The Changing Face of Labor, 1983-2008

Over the last quarter century, the unionized workforce has changed dramatically, according to this new CEPR report. In 2008, union workers reflected trends in the workforce as a whole toward a greater share of women, Latinos, Asian Pacific Americans, older, more-educated workers, and a shift out of manufacturing toward services."The view that the typical union worker is a white male manufacturing worker may have been correct a quarter of a century ago, but it's not an accurate description of those in today's labor movement," said John Schmitt, a CEPR Senior Economist and an author of the report

Deconstructing Structural Unemployment

Some economic observers argue "structural unemployment" has increased in the wake of the Great Recession, but in this paper we find little support for either of two arguments that suggest that structural unemployment has been on the rise. The first argument focuses on the large increase in unemployment among construction workers. The second argument is that falling house prices have reduced the mobility of unemployed workers -- creating a "house lock" in which unemployed workers, who would otherwise relocate to regions with jobs, are stuck in high unemployment areas

The Social Security Benefits of Sitting Senators

In November, Colorado Senator Michael Bennet was interviewed on National Public Radio's Morning Edition by Renee Montagne. In the course of the interview, Senator Bennet told Ms. Montagne that, as a 45-year old, he would get no Social Security benefit if the program is not fixed. This is not true. CEPR has prepared a table showing the scheduled Social Security benefit for each member of the Senate. It also shows the payable benefit, assuming that the projections for the program prove accurate, and Congress never makes any changes to Social Security. (It has made numerous changes in prior decades.) This table is intended to help the Senators in preparing their personal finances. It should also help to inform them in making decisions about the future of the program. And, hopefully it will prevent them from misleading the public as Senator Bennet did

Ex-Offenders and the Labor Market

We use Bureau of Justice Statistics data to estimate that, in 2008, the United States had between 12 and 14 million ex-offenders of working age. Because a prison record or felony conviction greatly lowers ex-offenders' prospects in the labor market, we estimate that this large population lowered the total male employment rate that year by 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points. In GDP terms, these reductions in employment cost the U.S. economy between $57 and$65 billion in lost output

The High Budgetary Cost of Incarceration

We use Bureau of Justice Statistics data to estimate that, in 2008, the United States had between 12 and 14 million ex-offenders of working age. Because a prison record or felony conviction greatly lowers ex-offenders’ prospects in the labor market, we estimate that this large population lowered the total male employment rate that year by 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points. In GDP terms, these reductions in employment cost the U.S. economy between $57 and$65 billion in lost output.incarceration, ex-offenders, ex-felons, employment, labor, economics, prisoners

The Changing Face of Labor, 1983-2008

Over the last quarter century, the unionized workforce has changed dramatically, according to this new CEPR report. In 2008, union workers reflected trends in the workforce as a whole toward a greater share of women, Latinos, Asian Pacific Americans, older, more-educated workers, and a shift out of manufacturing toward services.labor, unions

Deconstructing Structural Unemployment

Some economic observers argue “structural unemployment” has increased in the wake of the Great Recession, but in this paper we find little support for either of two arguments that suggest that structural unemployment has been on the rise. The first argument focuses on the large increase in unemployment among construction workers. The second argument is that falling house prices have reduced the mobility of unemployed workers — creating a “housing lock” in which unemployed workers, who would otherwise relocate to regions with jobs, are stuck in high unemployment areas.unemployment, structural unemployment, stimulus, Great Recession

The High Budgetary Cost of Incarceration

The United States currently incarcerates a higher share of its population than any other country in the world. We calculate that a reduction in incarceration rates just to the level we had in 1993 (which was already high by historical standards) would lower correctional expenditures by $16.9 billion per year, with the large majority of these savings accruing to financially squeezed state and local governments. As a group, state governments could save$7.6 billion, while local governments could save $7.2 billion. These cost savings could be realized through a reduction by one-half in the incarceration rate of exclusively non-violent offenders, who now make up over 60 percent of the prison and jail population. A review of the extensive research on incarceration and crime suggests that these savings could be achieved without any appreciable deterioration in public safety

The High Budgetary Cost of Incarceration

The United States currently incarcerates a higher share of its population than any other country in the world. We calculate that a reduction in incarceration rates just to the level we had in 1993 (which was already high by historical standards) would lower correctional expenditures by $16.9 billion per year, with the large majority of these savings accruing to financially squeezed state and local governments. As a group, state governments could save$7.6 billion, while local governments could save $7.2 billion. These cost savings could be realized through a reduction by one-half in the incarceration rate of exclusively non-violent offenders, who now make up over 60 percent of the prison and jail population. A review of the extensive research on incarceration and crime suggests that these savings could be achieved without any appreciable deterioration in public safety.incarceration, prison, jail, incarceration rates, budget deficit