Novel promising biomarkers in endometrial cancer - review

Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological neoplasm in developed countries. The disease is mostly asymptomatic at an early stage, however there is no direct marker which could result in detection of cancer earlier. Nowadays the diagnosis is based on the histopathological results of endometrial biopsy. Purpose: The aim of the review was to present the noticable studies that have showed the molecular markers and their usefulness in treatment options of endometrial cancer. We will review the current status of biomarkers which may be helpful in early diagnostic and further therapy of endometrial cancer. State of knowledge: There have been many promising biomarkers which were described in newest studies. TFL is a tumor suppressor gene that contributes to cell-cycle arrest and RNA regulations. CD44 and JAK2 may be liked with neovascularity in distance tissue. Elevated levels of TGM2 and ASRGL1 are associated with an aggressive cancer phenotype and drug resistance in endometrial cancer. Additionally, the level of EpCAM were significantly increased in endometrial cancer sample comparing to control samples. AURKA results in resistance to anticancer agents including paclitaxel and docetaxel used in cancer treatment. Summary: Endometrial cancer is a common problem among gynecological patients. There is no explicit marker which could directly contribute to biologic aggressiveness and response to treatments of that cancer. Presented molecules could potentially be a candidates biomarkers for diagnosis and further treatment of endometrial cancer. However, it is crucial to intensify affords to better understand the impact of these markers. Which could lead to significant improvement of patient’s survival and better quality of life

Role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of selected chronic diseases

The human digestive system is colonized by a huge number of microorganisms, that are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. The composition of intestinal microorganisms are shaped from an early life and undergoes constant changes depending on the influence of external factors, such as: type of delivery, feeding the young child, diet in subsequent years of life, pharmaceuticals use, stress, lifestyle or infections and previous inflammation within the digestive tract. Despite transient changes in microbiota composition, the intestinal ecosystem is constantly striving to maintain homeostasis, both qualitative and quantitative, which is fundamental to human health and human development. Microbes present in the intestines are responsible for sealing the intestinal barrier, mucin production, stimulation of the angiogenesis process, supporting digestive processes by fermentation and decomposition of undigested food residues, vitamin production or protection from pathogenic microorganisms. As shown by numerous studies carried out in recent years, intestinal dysbiosis plays a fundamental role in the development of many chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, obesity, celiac disease, connective tissue diseases and others. Insightful understanding of the interactions between microorganisms and the host organisms can provide new information about pathogenesis of diseases as well as new ways to prevent and treat intestinal or systemic disorders. The aim of this work is to review the latest reports on the role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in selected chronic diseases

The role of diploma brand in the prospect of demographic slump in Poland (2010-2020)

Przedmiotem artykułu są zmiany w polskim szkolnictwie wyższym wynikające z umasowienia szkolnictwa wyższego, przeobrażeń strukturalnych gospodarki w kierunku modelu postindustrialnego oraz liberalnych reform sektora publicznego. Celem analiz jest pokazanie, że w warunkach rosnącej konkurencji coraz większe znaczenie będzie miała marka dyplomu uczelni. W Polsce marka dyplomu uczelni nie odgrywała dotąd znaczącej roli, ponieważ zaległości edukacyjne, a przede wszystkim koniunktura demograficzna, zapewniały wystarczająco wysoki poziom popytu na usługi edukacyjne w szkolnictwie wyższym. Ten okres już minął i w nadchodzących latach rywalizacja o studentów będzie coraz większa, a marka dyplomu już zaczyna odgrywać decydującą rolę w tym, które uczelnie pozostaną na rynku edukacyjnym, a które będą musiały przejść głęboką restrukturyzację lub po prostu zniknąć z rynku.This article focuses on changes in Poland’s higher education resulting from: the massification of higher education, structural transformations within the economy towards the post-industrial model, and liberał reforms of the public sector. The aim of this analysis is to show that the brand of a university diploma will become increasingly important in the context of growing competition. To date, the brand of a diploma has not played a significant role in Poland’s higher education as educational insufficiencies and, most notably, positive demographic trends, ensured a sufficient demand for higher education services. As this period is now gone, the coming years will see growing competition for students, and the brand of a diploma will determine (as we are beginning to see) which universities will survive on the educational market and which ones will have to undergo deep restructuring or, simply, disappear from the market

Nonstandard treatment of endometrial cancer in patient in a procreative age wishing to keep fertility-case report

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of female reproductive organs that develops from the lining of the womb. The peak incidence falls on the 5th decade of life. Diagnosis of endometrial cancer in young women under 30 years of age is very rare. Detection of cancer at such a young age is an extremely difficult case, because the treatment must consider the reproductive plans of patients so that they can maintain important fertility for them. Case report: In 2018, a 25-year-old patient was admitted to the Clinic of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology to treat endometrial cancer in FIGO IB. The operation involving the removal of the uterus with fallopian tubes was rejected due to the young age of the patient and her reproductive plans. Prior to hospitalization, the patient was offered the possibility of hormonal treatment that saves fertility. After presenting a 6-month regimen of hormone therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device, the patient refused consent for its implementation for personal reasons. The patient was proposed to perform electroresection of the endometrial polyp, fractionated erosion of the cavity and cervical canal during hysteroscopy. However, it was marked that it’s possible to not completely remove the cancer during the procedure. The patient agreed to this therapeutic procedure. The procedure was performed without any complications. Quarterly cytological control tests and bi-annual endometrial biopsies are correct and for over a year, there is no recurrence of endometrial cancer and the patient is feeling well. Conculsion: Electroresection of endometrial changes during hysteroscopy in endometrial cancer can be a promising therapeutic option in the early stages of endometrial cancer (FIGO I) in women who want to maintain fertility. However, this requires further validation. It should be remembered that the occurrence of endometrial cancer at such a young age may be a component of genetic syndromes such as Lynch syndrome. Patient awareness of possible relapses and emphasis on quick response in case of disturbing symptoms is extremely important in order to detect a recurrence as quickly as its possible, and thus extend the patient's life, maintaining its good quality

What is currently known about endometrial cancer in Lynch syndrome? - review

Introduction: About 5% of endometrial cancer cases can be genetic and inherited. Lynch syndrome, also called hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal dominant syndrome. Caused by a germline mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair genes, it is responsible for most hereditary cases. Lynch syndrome is associated with the early onset and the development of many types of cancer, especially colon and endometrial cancer. Methods: The review of publications regarding Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial cancer and methods for screening, diagnosis and its prevention. State of knowelage: Endometrial cancers related to Lynch syndrome are mostly sentinel (they reveal the predisposition in 50% of families) and are characterized by young age at onset (commonly before 60 years). The lifetime cumulative risk of endometrial cancer for women with Lynch syndrome is about 40% to 60%, which equals or exceeds their risk of colorectal cancer. Lynch syndrome, the current gynecologic cancer screening guidelines include annual endometrial sampling and transvaginal ultrasonography beginning at age of 30-35 years, which is very important in the early detection of this cancer. Risk-reducing surgery consisting of prophylactic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy should be offered to women aged 35 years or older who do not wish to preserve their fertility. Summary: Diagnosis of endometrial cancer in patients with Lynch syndrome has important clinical implications for the individual and family members

Rola marki dyplomu w perspektywie niżu demograficznego w Polsce 2010-2020 (CPP RPS 65/2014)

Przedmiotem artykułu są zmiany w polskim szkolnictwie wyższym wynikające z umasowienia szkolnictwa wyższego, przeobrażeń struktury gospodarki w kierunku modelu postindustrialnego oraz liberalnych reform polskiego szkolnictwa wyższego. Celem analiz jest pokazanie, ze w warunkach rosnącej konkurencji coraz większe znaczenie będzie miała marka dyplomu uczelni. W Polsce marka dyplomu uczelni nie odgrywała dotąd znaczącej roli, ponieważ zaległości edukacyjne, a przede wszystkim koniunktura demograficzna zapewniały wystarczająco wysoki poziom popytu na usługi edukacyjne w szkolnictwie wyższym. Ten okres już minął i w nadchodzących latach rywalizacja o studentów będzie coraz większa, a marka dyplomu już zaczyna odgrywać decydującą rolę w tym, które uczelnie pozostaną na rynku edukacyjnym, a które będą musiały przejść głęboką restrukturyzację lub po prostu zniknąć z rynku

Impact of biological treatment on intestinal microbiom in children with Crohn's disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, inflammatory illness of the digestive tract, characterized by alternating periods of remission and recurrence. The pathogenesis of CD is still unclear but probably is a result of a complex interaction between immunological, genetic and microbiological disorders. In recent years, there has been an increasing extent of evidence that gut microbiota plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of CD. Currently, the most effective treatment is biological therapy using anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies. It is interesting whether biological drugs resulting in fast remission, contributes to the normalization of the gut microbiota. Due to the fact that the children’s population is a significant percentage of all patients with CD, it is important to pay close attention to the problem of microbiological disorders in this age group. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are quantitative changes of chosen bacteria species and fungi of the genus Candida in children with Crohn's disease relative to healthy children and assesment of quantitative changes in patients after biological treatment. In the group of children with Crohn’s disease, the numbers in Candida were significantly higher (9.74×1017 CFU/g) than in the control group (9.35×1010 CFU/g, p = 0.011). Biological therapy led to a significant reduction in the amount Candida (5.91×1011) and was comparable with the number in the control group. In the case of bacteria, we observed an increase in S. marcescens (3,4×108) in the patients group compared to the controls (1,85×108) and an increase in L. fermentum (2,34×1010) in relation to healthy children (3,31×108, p = 0,048) Biological treatment had an impact on the decrease in L. fermentum (4,76×109, p = 0.05)

Profiles of phenotype resistance to antibiotic other than β-lactams in Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBLs-producers, carrying blaSHV genes

Extended spectrum β-lactamases production is one of the most common mechanism of resistance to extendedspectrum β-lactam antibiotics is increasing worldwide. Twenty five strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinicalspecimens were tested. Based on the phenotypic confirmatory test all these strains were defined as ESBL producers namedESBL(+). The plasmid DNA from each strains was used to investigate the presence of blaSHV genes responsible for extendedspectrum β-lactamases production. Moreover, susceptibility of these strains to antibiotic other than β-lactams in was tested

Profiles of phenotype resistance to antibiotic other than β-lactams in Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBLs-producers, carrying blaSHV genes.

Extended spectrum β-lactamases production is one of the most common mechanism of resistance to extended spectrum β-lactam antibiotics is increasing worldwide. Twenty five strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens were tested. Based on the phenotypic confirmatory test all these strains were defined as ESBL producers named ESBL(+). The plasmid DNA from each strains was used to investigate the presence of blaSHV genes responsible for extended spectrum β-lactamases production. Moreover, susceptibility of these strains to antibiotic other than β-lactams in was tested