Sensitivity of Water Balance to Climate Change and Variability

The IIASA Water Resources Project addresses the development and application of methods and procedures needed to identify policy strategies for water resources planning and operation. Due to population growth, industrial and agricultural development, increased pollution and the impact of global climatic change, the reliability of water supply may substantially decrease in various parts of the world, causing serious social and economic problems. There is a need for studies on possible policy actions, aimed at the development of more resilient and more robust water systems, based on a sound understanding of geophysical processes which regulate the hydrological cycle in a changing environment. This paper concerns methodological tools for the sensitivity analysis of the water balance components to changing climatic forcings. It presents a new meso-scale hydrological model based on the stochastic storage theory, and its application to the sensitivity analysis and to water balance impact studies. The model allows to calculate runoff characteristics, evaporation and catchment storage on the basis of standard climatological data, and eventually on the basis of alternative climate scenarios. It was tested for a number of river catchments in Europe and Africa. The possible effects of the expected changes in air temperature and precipitation will give rise to various problems in many fields of water resource management. For this reason, the paper may be of interest not only to hydrologists, but also to decision makers in water industry

Characterization of PTZ-Induced Seizure Susceptibility in a Down Syndrome Mouse Model That Overexpresses CSTB

Down syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, dysmorphism and variable additional physiological traits. Current research progress has begun to decipher the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment, leading to new therapeutic perspectives. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) has recently been found to have positive effects on learning and memory capacities of a DS mouse model and is foreseen to treat DS patients. But PTZ is also known to be a convulsant drug at higher dose and DS persons are more prone to epileptic seizures than the general population. This raises concerns over what long-term effects of treatment might be in the DS population. The cause of increased propensity for epilepsy in the DS population and which Hsa21 gene(s) are implicated remain unknown. Among Hsa21 candidate genes in epilepsy, CSTB, coding for the cystein protease inhibitor cystatin B, is involved in progressive myoclonus epilepsy and ataxia in both mice and human. Thus we aim to evaluate the effect of an increase in Cstb gene dosage on spontaneous epileptic activity and susceptibility to PTZ-induced seizure. To this end we generated a new mouse model trisomic for Cstb by homologous recombination. We verified that increasing copy number of Cstb from Trisomy (Ts) to Tetrasomy (Tt) was driving overexpression of the gene in the brain, we checked transgenic animals for presence of locomotor activity and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities characteristic of myoclonic epilepsy and we tested if those animals were prone to PTZ-induced seizure. Overall, the results of the analysis shows that an increase in Cstb does not induce any spontaneous epileptic activity and neither increase or decrease the propensity of Ts and Tt mice to myoclonic seizures suggesting that Ctsb dosage should not interfere with PTZ-treatment

The methods of course angle recovery from the GPS data for unmanned aerial vehicle

Zastosowanie techniki satelitarnej GNSS dla celów wykonywania nalotów fotogrametrycznych z niskiego pułapu umożliwia wyznaczenie pozycji i orientacji bezpilotowego statku latającego. W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty wyznaczenia kursu z danych GPS dla bezpilotowego statku latającego oraz określono różnicę kursu z danych GPS i INS. Eksperyment lotniczy został zrealizowany w 2015 r. nad rzeką Liwiec z użyciem platformy Trimble UX5. W artykule zaprezentowano również i opisano metody odtworzenia kursu z danych GPS dla bezpilotowego statku latającego.Application of GNSS observation for the purpose of performing photogrammetric flights from low altitude allows to determine the position and orientation of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The article presents the results of determination the course angle from the GPS data for unmanned aerial vehicle and the difference of course angle from GPS and INS data was obtained. The experiment was implemented above the Liwiec river in year 2015 using the Trimble UX5 platform. In the paper methods of course angle recovery were also presented and described

Determination TerraSAR-X satellite position using GPS observations

Dzięki intensywnemu rozwojowi systemów nawigacyjnych GNSS możliwe jest określanie pozycji satelitów z niskiej orbity na podstawie pozycjonowania absolutnego (metoda Single Point Positioning). Obecnie metoda SPP jest powszechnie stosowana w dziedzinie geodezji i nawigacji oraz implementowana w wielu programach numerycznych do wyznaczenia pozycji użytkownika. W artykule przedstawiono wstępne rezultaty dotyczące wyznaczenia współrzędnych satelity radarowego TerraSAR-X według obserwacji kodowych GPS. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań i uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że przeciętna wartość dokładności dla współrzędnej X wynosi 3,3 m, dla współrzędnej Y odpowiednio 2,4 m, zaś dla współrzędnej Z równo 3,8 m.With the intensive development of GNSS navigation systems, it is possible to determine the position of satellites from LEO orbit based on absolute positioning (Single Point Positioning method). Currently the SPP method is widely used in the field of geodesy and navigation, and it’s implemented in many numerical programs to obtain the user’s position. The article presents the preliminary results concerning determination of the radar satellite TerraSAR-X coordinates using GPS code observations. Based on the survey and the results, it was indicated that average accuracy value for the X coordinate is 3.3 m, for the Y coordinate 2.4 m respectively, while for the Z coordinate equals 3.8 meters

Application the Prediction Methods for Determination of UAV Coordinates

W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty wyznaczenia współrzędnych Bezzałogowego Statku Powietrznego za pomocą metody średniej ruchomej i modelu Browna. Eksperyment badawczy przeprowadzono wykorzystując dane GPS pozyskane z urządzenia Trimble UX-5. W artykule również przedstawiono pełny algorytm dla modelu Browna i metody średniej ruchomej.In paper, the results of determination UAV coordinates based on the Brown model and moving average method were presented. The research test was realized using raw GPS data from Trimble UX-5 platform. In paper, the full algorithm of Brown model and moving average method was also described

Estimation of rotation angles based on GPS data from a UX5 Platform

Data integration from INS and GPS sensors is applied in aeronautical navigation as a basic conception for determination of aircraft position. A GPS sensor is used to estimate coordinates (X, Y, Z) and velocity (Vx, Vy, Vz) also in a navigation solution. On the other hand, an INS sensor provides rotation angles (heading, pitch and roll) and acceleration parameters (Ax, Ay, Az). The GPS sensor is preferred to obtain an approximate value of rotation angles. In this paper, the results of studies on determination of heading, pitch and roll angles using GPS technology are presented. For this purpose, GPS data from a single-frequency L1 receiver from a UX5 platform were used. Calculations were executed in the HPR_GPS software, whose source code was written in Scilab 5.4.1 language. The software operation and an algorithm for estimation of heading, pitch, roll angles there is described. The preliminary results of rotation angles from the HPR_GPS software show that heading, pitch and roll values are very similar to raw INS measurements. The mean difference between the GPS data (after Kalman filter operation) and the INS data for the heading angle is equal to 0.32( with a standard deviation of 5.41(, for the pitch angle is equal 4.98( with a standard deviation of 5.06( and for the roll angle is about 0.06( with a standard deviation of 0.69)

THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERE DELAYS IN PROCESSING OF AIRCRAFT’S COORDINATES DETERMINATION

In this article, the study's results of aircraft’s coordinates and their accuracy are presented. The airborne test was conducted in military airport in Deblin on 1st of June 2010. The aircraft position was determinate using SPP method in RTKPOST library in RTKLIB software. To calculate the aircraft’s coordinates two strategies were used, first include correction of atmosphere delays (I solution) and another without this correction (II solution). Based on these calculations, the average accuracy of aircraft position is less than 5 m for solution I and less than 8 m for solution II, respectively. The mathematical model for recovery of aircraft position; the configuration of parameters in SPP method for solution; the standard deviation values of X, Y and Z coordinates; the values of RMS-3D parameter are presented in the article. In this article, the impact of ionosphere and troposphere delay in processing of recovery of aircraft position is presented. The aircraft’s coordinates were obtained using SPP (Single Point Positioning) method for two solutions, e.g. including atmosphere corrections (I solution) and excluding (II solution). The article is divided into 5 sections: introduction, mathematical model for recovery of aircraft position, research experiment, results and discussion, conclusions