40 research outputs found
Uloga mikrobioloÅ”ke dijagnostike ejakulata u dijagnostici sindroma kroniÄnoga prostatitisa [The role of semen microbiological diagnostics in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis syndrome]
The aim of this study was to investigate how often etiology of chronic prostatitis syndrome is
proved if the presence of the traditional prostatitis causitive pathogens is investigated with
'four glass test' plus the semen microbiological diagnostics. It also was to determine the
frequency of traditional causitive pathogens of prostatitis in EPS and / or VB3 and the semen
of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.
The study included 107 adult male patients older than 20 years who came with chronic
prostatitis to the 'Ambulance for urogenital infections and sexually transmitted disease' of the
'Clinics for Infectious Diseases' "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic" in the period from 2009 to 2013, and in
whom the diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis was confirmed by proving the causitive
pathogens in EPS and / or VB3 and / or semen. The study was designed so that patients were
control to each other. The experiment was carried out as a 'five glass test' in all subjects, and
the analysis is done as it is in the same subjects performed the 'two glass test' and 'four glass
test'.
The most common traditional pathogens proven in EPS and / or VB3 and semen were
Enterococcus faecalis (detected in 45 patients or 42.05%) and Escherichia coli (demonstrated
in 42 patients or 39.25%). All other proven traditional pathogens - Proteus mirabilis,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, coagulase - negative staphylococci - were
isolated in EPS and / or VB3 and semen in 20 patients or 18.7%.
Examining that samples it was determined that in 62 (57.94%) patients the pathogen was
detected in EPS and / or VB3 and in the semen, in 18 (16.82%) patients the cause was found
only in EPS and / or VB3, and in 27 (25.23%) patients the cause was found only in the semen.
The etiology was confirmed in the significantly higher percentage of patients in EPS / VB3
and semen compared to the patients where etiology was demonstrated only in EPS / VB3
(Fischer exact test, p <0.00001), or only in the semen (Fischer exact test; p = 0.0012). There
were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of patients in whom the etiology
was demonstrated only in EPS / VB3 or only in the semen (Fischer's exact test, p = 0.1454). Since the results of this study indicate that a large proportion of patients with chronic
prostatitis have causitive pathogen that is only proven by semen dijagnostics, not by EPS and
/ or VB3 (ie. 'four glass test' or 'two glass test'), we conclude that the semen microbiological
diagnostics in these patients could constitute a valuable supplement to existing methods
(making it a 'five glass test')
Wound dehiscence
Dehiscencija rane je rezultat oÅ”teÄenja procesa cijeljenja rane. Äimbenici koji oÅ”teÄuju proces cijeljenja rane mogu biti lokalni i opÄi. Infekcija rane je jedan od najvažnijih uzroka dehiscencije. AseptiÄki uvjeti rada i atraumatska kirurÅ”ka tehnika bitno smanjuje moguÄnost nastanka infekcije. LijeÄenje kirurÅ”kih infekcija predstavlja hitnu indikaciju, kako bi se sprijeÄile dodatne komplikacije sepsa). Prijeoperacijska primjena antibiotika ima strogu indikaciju.Wound dehiscence is a result of damage during healing. The factors that influence wound healing could be divided into local and systemic. Wound infection is the most important cause dehiscence. Aseptic conditions and atraumatic surgical techniques reduce wound infections significantly. The appropriate treatment of surgical infections is critical in preventing additional complications. Selective use of antiobiotics has an important place in perioperative management
Determining soil freezing depth under the pavement structures
Opisuje se istraživanje za odreÄivanje indeksa smrzavanja zraka. PraktiÄni doprinos ovoga rada jest izraÄena karta kontura indeksa smrzavanja zraka (ISZ) za podruÄje Hrvatske. Metodologija odreÄivanja dubine smrzavanja ispod ceste na osnovi vrijednosti ISZ, koje su ustanovljene ovim istraživanjem, ima dvostruku inženjersku primjenu: za provjeru osjetljivosti na smrzavanje projektirane konstrukcije i za ocjenjivanje otpornosti na smrzavanje postojeÄih kolniÄkih konstrukcija.The research carried out to determine the air freezing index is described. The practical output of this research is the contour map with air freezing indices (AFI) for the territory of Croatia. The methodology for determining freezing depth under roadways, based on AFI values defined in this research, has two engineering applications: to check susceptibility to freezing of a designed structure, and to estimate freezing resistance of existing pavement structures
Utjecaj nekih klimatskih elemenata na reprodukcijska svojstva romanovske ovce na podruÄju Bilogore
The study aimed to determine the influence of air temperature, amount of precipitation and sunlight duration on the reproductive traits of the Romanov sheep in the Bilogora region, Croatia.Animals were kept in a fenced rotating pasture with access to stables during the night. Sheep were naturally mated. During three consecutive years (2019-2021), reproductive performance data were collected for four sheep flocks (n=26-57). Data on air temperature, sunlight duration, and daily precipitation volumes were obtained from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (CMHS), Zagreb, Croatia, from the nearest meteorological recording station, located within 5-15 km of farms. A total of 425 ewes were mated, of which 399 successfully conceived and 851 lambs were born, with an average litter size of 1.63. The average fertility during the study was 93.88%. Lambing distribution was not equally distributed throughout the year as 73% of all lambs were born during winter and spring (winter 51.88%; spring 21.31%; summer 13.53% and autumn 13.28%). Sexual activity was lowest from the end of March to May, while the peak of sexual activity was from the end of August to October. There was a positive or negative correlation (P<0.0001 (Kruskall-Wallis)) between air temperature, sunshine duration and amount of precipitation with certain reproductive traits (number of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes). Daily average air temperatures were highest in summer but drop suddenly at the start of the breeding season in early autumn. Also, the day begins to shorten, and night begins to become longer which is crucial for shortday breeder species such as sheep and goats. Other factors, such as relative humidity and rainfall, can also directly or indirectly impact sexual activity and significantly affect fertility. The results indicate that air temperature, amount of precipitation, and sunlight duration during different months or seasons could influence the reproductive traits of Romanov sheep in Bilogora region, Croatia.Cilj je istraživanja bio utvrditi utjecaj temperature zraka, koliÄine dnevnih oborina i trajanja sunÄeve svjetlosti na reprodukcijska svojstva romanovske ovce u podruÄju Bilogore, Hrvatska. Životinje su držane na ograÄenom rotirajuÄem paÅ”njaku s pristupom stajama tijekom noÄi. Ovce su bile prirodno pripuÅ”tane. Tijekom 3 uzastopne godine (2019.-2021.) prikupljeni su podatci o reproduktivnoj uÄinkovitosti Äetiri stada ovaca (n=26-57). Temperaturu zraka, trajanje sunÄeve svjetlosti i dnevne koliÄine oborina prikupio je Hrvatski meteoroloÅ”ki i hidroloÅ”ki zavod (CMHS), Zagreb, Hrvatska, u najbližoj meteoroloÅ”koj postaji za mjerenje, koja je udaljena nalazi unutar 5-15 km od farmi. PripuÅ”teno je ukupno 425 ovaca, od kojih je 399 uspjeÅ”no koncipiralo i ojanjilo 851 janje. ProsjeÄna veliÄina legla bila je 1,63; prosjeÄna plodnost tijekom istraživanja bila je 93,88 %. Rasprostranjenost janjenja nije bila tijekom cijele godine ravnomjerno rasporeÄena, jer je 73 % svih ovaca ojanjeno tijekom zime i proljeÄa (zimi 51,88 %, u proljeÄe 21,31 %, u ljeto 13,53 % i u jesen 13,28 %). Spolna aktivnost bila je najniža od kraja ožujka do svibnja, dok je vrhunac spolne aktivnosti bio od kraja kolovoza do listopada. Postojala je pozitivna ili negativna korelacija (P<0,0001 (Kruskall Wallis)) izmeÄu temperature zraka, trajanja sunÄeve svjetlosti i koliÄine oborina s odreÄenim reproduktivnim svojstvima (brojem gravidnih i negravidnih ovaca). ProsjeÄne dnevne temperature najviÅ”e su ljeti, no poÄetkom jeseni i poÄetkom sezone razmnožavanja temperature zraka naglo padaju. Isto tako, dan postaje kraÄi, a noÄ postaje duža Å”to je kljuÄno za rasplodnju vrsta tzv. short day breeder kao Å”to su ovce i koze. Osim temperature i sunÄeve svjetlosti, drugi Äimbenici, poput relativne vlažnosti i padalina, mogu izravno ili neizravno utjecati na spolnu aktivnost i znatno utjecati na plodnost. Možemo pretpostaviti da temperatura zraka, koliÄina oborina i trajanje sunÄeve svjetlosti tijekom razliÄitih mjeseci ili godiÅ”njih doba mogu utjecati na reproduktivne osobine romanovske ovce na Bilogori u Hrvatskoj
Sigurnost i djelotvornost azitromicina u lijeÄenju infekcija donjih diÅ”nih putova: meÄunarodna multicentriÄna ne-usporedna studija
The aim of this study was to describe clinical effectiveness of azithromycin in the management of lower respiratory tract infections in daily clinical practice, to examine duration of symptoms after therapy initiation, and to record any possible adverse effects of azithromycin treatment. A total of 153 patients were included in the analysis of the effectiveness of azithromycin: 94 patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 59 with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB). Clinical effectiveness was assessed as improvement, cure or failure after three-day treatment with azithromycin. The assessment was based on a calculation of clinical score for each diagnosis before treatment and on days 4, 10 and 28 after treatment initiation. Clinical effectiveness of azithromycin was 93.6% in CAP group and 94.9% in AECB group. Azithromycin led to relief of symptoms within three days in 88.6% of CAP patients and 77.2% of AECB patients. Overall, 15 adverse events were reported in 14 (9.1%) patients. The most common adverse events were abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting, each reported in four (2.6%) patients. Accordingly, azithromycin was found to have high clinical effectiveness and a small number of adverse events in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. ISRCTN38391551.Ciljevi ove studije bili su opisati kliniÄku djelotvornost azitromicina u lijeÄenju infekcija donjih diÅ”nih putova u kliniÄkoj praksi, ispitati trajanje simptoma nakon poÄetka terapije te prikupiti podatke o neželjenim dogaÄajima. Uispitivanje su bila ukljuÄena 153 bolesnika: 94 bolesnika s pneumonijom iz opÄe populacije te 59 bolesnika s akutnom egzacerbacijom kroniÄnog bronhitisa. KliniÄka djelotvornost je ocijenjena kao poboljÅ”anje, izljeÄenje ili neuspjeh lijeÄenja trodnevnom terapijom azitromicinom. Procjena se osnivala na izraÄunu kliniÄkog indeksa za svaku dijagnozu prije poÄetka terapije te nakon 4, 10 i 28 dana. Uovom ispitivanju kliniÄka djelotvornost azitromicina bila je 93,6% u skupini bolesnika s pneumonijom iz opÄe populacije te 94,9% u bolesnika s akutnom egzacerbacijom kroniÄnog bronhitisa. Azitromicin je doveo do olakÅ”anja simptoma unutar 3 dana kod 88,6% bolesnika s pneumonijom i 77,2% bolesnika s akutnom egzacerbacijom kroniÄnog bronhitisa. Zabilježeno je 15 neželjenih dogaÄaja kod 14 (9,1%) bolesnika. NajÄeÅ”Äi neželjeni dogaÄaji su bili dijareja i povraÄanje, od kojih je svaki zabilježen u 4 (2,6%) bolesnika. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazuju da azitromicin ima visoku djelotvornost u lijeÄenju infekcija donjih diÅ”nih putova i izaziva mali broj nuspojava. ISRCTN38391551
E-Learning for physicians and pharmacists
UvoÄenjem novih tehnologija, posebice interneta, otvorile su se nove moguÄnosti trajne medicinske edukacije u obliku e-uÄenja. U preglednom radu opisane su moguÄnosti e-uÄenja u Hrvatskoj. Pravilnik o trajnoj edukaciji i moguÄnostima e-uÄenja izraÄuje i objavljuje Hrvatska lijeÄniÄka i ljekarniÄka komora. U posljednjih desetak godina objavljeno je nekoliko e-teÄajeva za lijeÄnike i jedan za ljekarnike. Kontinuitet eteÄajeva prisutan je jedino na PLIVAmed.net portalu na kojem se teÄajevi rade u suradnji sa struÄnim druÅ”tvima, nastavnicima medicinskog i farmaceutskog, fakulteta te Komorom. U Hrvatskoj treba detaljnije istražiti potrebe zdravstvenih djelatnika za ovim oblikom edukacije, utvrditi njihov stav i dosadaÅ”nja iskustva, kako bi se Å”to viÅ”e iskoristile moguÄnosti moderne tehnologije u modelu cjeloživotnog uÄenja.The introductions of new technologies, especially the Internet, have opened up new possibilities for continuing medical education (CME) in the form of e-learning. This review article describes the
opportunities for CME e-learning. CME regulations and e-learning options have been developed by the Croatian Medical Chamber and the Croatian Chamber of Pharmacists. In the past decade several e-learning courses for physicians and one for pharmacists have been posted online. However, only the PLIVAmed.net Internet portal has maintained the continuity of e-courses. These courses are run in collaboration with professional societies, professors from schools of medicine and pharmacy and experts from the relevant chambers. Further investigations are needed in Croatia to determine e-learning needs, attitudes and experiences and thus use the advantages of modern technologies in lifelong learning