145 research outputs found
Evaluation du risque de contamination des preparations lactees au service de neonatalogie du chu de Treichville et resistance aux antibiotiques de la flore bacterienne
Les systĂšmes de prĂ©paration du lait ainsi que lâenvironnement hospitalier du service de nĂ©onatalogie ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s. Le risque de contamination liĂ© Ă la prĂ©paration lactĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© Ă lâaide dâun questionnaire. Sur un total 59 Ă©chantillons ; 36 Ă©chantillons de prĂ©paration lactĂ©e regroupĂ©s en 6 lots et 23 Ă©chantillons provenant des mains, des narines et de lâair ambiant ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s et analysĂ©s selon les normes microbiologiques relatives aux denrĂ©es alimentaires. Lâanalyse des lots montre une prĂ©dominance de S. aureus suivi de E. coli et enfin de P. aeruginosa. Les isolats prĂ©somptifs ont fait lâobjet dâune identification par des tests biochimiques et de tests de sensibilitĂ© aux antibiotiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s selon les recommandations du ComitĂ© de lâAntibiogramme de la SociĂ©tĂ© Française de Microbiologie. Les rĂ©sultats des analyses microbiologiques rĂ©vĂšlent des charges Ă©levĂ©es de E. coli (3,6.104 ufc/ml), P. aeruginosa (7,95.103 ufc/ml) et S. aureus (3,7.103 ufc/ml) dans la prĂ©paration lactĂ©e. Pas de prĂ©sence de E. faecalis. Les tests de sensibilitĂ©s mettent en avant un haut niveau de rĂ©sistance des isolats Ă la plupart des antibiotiques testĂ©s principalement aux Ăą-lactamines. La majoritĂ© des E. coli ont prĂ©sentĂ© un phĂ©notype de production de BLSE (35 %). On note 44,4 % de resistance des S. aureus aux aminosides donnant un phĂ©notype KTG. Dâautres phĂ©notypes de BLSE ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s chez P. aeruginosa. En gĂ©nĂ©ral on rencontre une resistance importante de ces souches aux diffĂ©rents antibiotiques prĂ©sentant du coup un risque rĂ©el pour lâantibiothĂ©rapie humaine.Mots-clĂ©s : PrĂ©parations lactĂ©es, flore bactĂ©rienne de contamination, rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques, nĂ©onatalogie
Utilisation des facteurs climatiques pour la surveillance de la fréquence des occurrences de méningite/ paludisme à Bamako
Objectif : Notre travail consiste Ă :
Déterminer les périodes de risque pour la méningite et le paludisme à Bamako;
Etablir une corrélation entre :
- dâune part les paramĂštres mĂ©tĂ©orologiques (tempĂ©rature de lâair, humiditĂ© relative de lâair, pluviomĂ©trie, insolation et vitesse du vent) et la frĂ©quence des occurrences de paludisme ;
- dâautre part les mĂȘmes paramĂštres pour la mĂ©ningite.
MĂ©thode : Nous avons fait une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective de lâĂ©volution du paludisme et de la mĂ©ningite en fonction de la variation des paramĂštres mĂ©tĂ©orologiques (tempĂ©rature de lâair, humiditĂ© relative de lâair, pluviomĂ©trie, insolation et vitesse du vent) Ă Bamako.
RĂ©sultats : Le paludisme, rare au 1er et 2Ăšm trimestres, est trĂšs frĂ©quent au 3Ăš trimestre et au 4Ăš trimestre. Quant Ă la mĂ©ningite elle est frĂ©quente au premier semestre et rare pendant le reste de lâannĂ©e. La frĂ©quence du paludisme est liĂ©e Ă la tempĂ©rature moyenne de lâair, Ă la grande humiditĂ© de lâair, Ă la pluviomĂ©trie abondante, Ă la faible insolation et Ă la faible vitesse du vent. La frĂ©quente de la mĂ©ningite est liĂ©e Ă la haute tempĂ©rature de lâair, Ă la faible humiditĂ© de lâair, Ă la faible pluviomĂ©trie, Ă la forte insolation et Ă la grande vitesse du vent.
Conclusion : La fréquence du paludisme est liée à la grande humidité, et à la faible insolation. Quant à la méningite, sa fréquence est liée à la haute température, à la grande vitesse du vent et à la forte insolation
Etude de la cinĂ©tique de lâhĂ©molyse dans les poches de concentrĂ©s Ă©rythrocytaires des donneurs de sanghĂ©tĂ©rozygotes AS et son implication transfusionnelle
Introduction: Le don de sang par le sujet drĂ©panocytaire hĂ©tĂ©rozygote AS constitue un champ dâinvestigation peu explorĂ©.Objectif: Contribuer Ă la dĂ©finition des conditions du don de sang par les sujets AS.Methodologie: Il sâagissait dâune Ă©tude prospective horizontale qui sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e au Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS) Ă Abidjan-Treichville sur une durĂ©e de 02 mois dâoctobre 2010 Ă novembre 2010. Nous avons sĂ©lectionnĂ© 11 donneurs AS dans une population de donneurs de sang rĂ©guliers et 11 donneurs tĂ©moins AA. Tous rĂ©pondaient aux critĂšres dâap tude au don. Une NumĂ©ration Formule Sanguine (NFS) et un dosage de la kaliĂ©mie ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s Ă Jour 0 Jour 10 Jour 20 et Jour 30. Les dosages ont Ă©tĂ© faits de façon comparative.Resultats: Le taux dâhĂ©moglobine moyen de nos donneurs avant le don Ă©tait supĂ©rieur ou Ă©gal Ă 12g/dl. On observait une diminution du taux dâhĂ©moglobine dans le temps Ă par r de Jour 10 chez les AS. Chez les AA, aprĂšs une diminution brĂšve Ă Jour 10, le taux restait stable dans le temps. Le poids moyen en hĂ©moglobine des poches issues de donneurs AS Ă©tait proche des normes de production des ConcentrĂ©s de Globules Rouges Ă Jour 0 et Jour 10 mais le poids baissait Ă partir de Jour 20. Le poids en hĂ©moglobine des poches AS Ă©tait infĂ©rieur Ă celui des poches AA. La kaliĂ©mie augmentait dans le temps, ceci traduisait indirectement lâhĂ©molyse. Cette augmentation de la kaliĂ©mie Ă©tait paradoxalement plus importante chez les AA que les AS.Conclusion: Cette Ă©tude montre une cinĂ©tique de lâhĂ©molyse plus importante dans les poches AS Ă partir de Jour 10.Mots ClĂ©s: CinĂ©tique, HĂ©molyse, Trait drĂ©panocytaireEnglish AbstractEnglish Title: Study of the kinetics of hemolysis in red cell concentrated blood units from heterogenous AS sickle cell blood donors and its transfusion implication.Introduction: Blood donation from heterogeneous AS sickle cell donors represents a little explored field of research.Objective: To contribute to define of blood donation conditions by AS subjects.Methodology: This was a prospective and cross-sectional study held at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) Abidjan-Treichville over a period of 02 months from October 2010 to November 2010. We selected 11 AS donors in a population of repeat blood donors and 11 AA donors who served as controls. All met the suitability criteria for donation. A full blood count (FBC) and a monitoring of serum potassium were done at Day 0, Day 10 Day 20 and Day 30. The results of assays were done compared.Results: The mean hemoglobin levels of our donors before donation was greater than or equal to 12g / dl. We observed a decrease in hemoglobin levels over the me from Day 10 in AS. In AA, after a brief decline at Day 10, the rate remained stable over the time. The average weight of hemoglobin AS donors in blood bags was close to those of standards of Red Cell Concentrates on Day 0 and Day 10 but the weight felt from Day 20. Weights of hemoglobin AS blood bags were lower than those of AA. Serum potassium levels increased over the time, it indirectly reflected hemolysis. The increase in serum potassium was paradoxically higher in the AA than in AS blood units.Conclusion: This study shows that hemolysis kinetic is more important in AS blood units from Day 10
ADĂNOPATHIES CERVICO-FACIALES EN ODONTO STOMATOLOGIE: ĂTUDE DE 82 OBSERVATIONS.
Objectif : étudier les adénopathies cervico-faciales en rapport avec la tuberculose dans notre
pratique Odonto-stomatologique.
Matériels et Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective sur une période de quatre
ans (janvier 2007 Ă dĂ©cembre 2010), au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire dâOdontostomatologie (CHU OS) de Bamako, sur des cas successifs dâadĂ©nopathies cervico-faciales.
LâIDRT et lâanatomopathologie de la piĂšce biopsique ont servi pour le diagnostic Ă©tiologique
de la tuberculose. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médicaux et saisies
puis analysées avec le logiciel Epiinfo.fr 6.0.
Résultats : Les lésions ont concerné 82 patients dont 37 hommes (45,1%) avec un sex ratio de
0,82. La tranche dâĂąge la plus reprĂ©sentĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© celle de 20 et 29 ans (28%). Le siĂšge
anatomique privilĂ©giĂ© Ă©tait la rĂ©gion cervicale avec 34,14%.Nos patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâune
radiographie thoracique dans 90,20% des cas. LâIDRT a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e chez 72% des patients
et lâadĂ©nite tuberculeuse casĂ©o- folliculaire a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e dans 8,50% des cas.
Conclusion : Notre Ă©tude a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une prĂ©valence de 0,31% dâadĂ©nopathies cervico-faciales
dont 80,50% Ă©tait dâorigine tuberculeuse. Devant toute adĂ©nopathie cervico-faciale dans une
zone dâendĂ©mie tuberculeuse, une IDRT et un examen anatomopathologique de la biopsie
ganglionnaire devrait ĂȘtre systĂ©matique pour la prise en charge prĂ©coce de la tuberculose
Indirect inguinal hernia masquerading as a Spigelian hernia
Inguinal hernia usually developed and descended into scrotum. The clinical presentation is inguinal or
inguino-scrotal swelling. Abdominal wall weakness as it is frequently seen in African tropical zones
produces often rare clinical case. We report a case of inguinal hernia presented as an abdominal wall swelling clinically suggestive of a
Spigelian hernia and discuss the mechanism
Infections bucco-dentaires en milieu psychiatrique de lâhĂŽpital de Point-G : Observations de 130 cas.
Objectif : Analyser lâinfluence de la maladie mentale sur lâĂ©tat de santĂ© bucco-dentaire des
patients psychiatriques.
Matériels et méthode : Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective, transversale et descriptive
basĂ©e sur lâobservation des lĂ©sions bucco-dentaires chez les patients reçus en consultation
psychiatrique. Elle sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e dans le service de Psychiatrie du Centre HospitaloUniversitaire du Point G pendant un mois (de juin Ă juillet 2014). La population cible Ă©tait les
patients psychiatriques connus suivis et/ou hospitalisés dans le service pendant la période de
l'étude. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médicaux et un questionnaire et
saisies puis analysées avec le logiciel Epi info fr 6.0.
RĂ©sultats : Pendant la pĂ©riode dâĂ©tude, 130 patients ont Ă©tĂ© retenus selon nos critĂšres
dâinclusion, dont 70,0% pour le sexe masculin avec un sex ratio de 2,3. La tranche dâĂąge 25-
34 ans était la plus représentée, soit 31,50%. . La majorité de nos patients présentaient une
abrasion dentaire, soit 90,80% des cas. Lâindice CAO/D de notre population Ă©tait de 5,22.
Lâhalitose et la sĂšcheresse buccale Ă©taient frĂ©quentes chez les patients atteints de psychose
chronique, soit respectivement 63,50% et 56,90% des cas. La gingivorragie a été observé chez
61,10% des patients atteints de psychose chronique.Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude montre la frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e de lâinfection bucco-dentaire en milieu
psychiatrique, dâoĂč lâintĂ©rĂȘt dâun partenariat entre professionnels de la santĂ© mentale et ceux
de la cavité buccal
Genital warts and infection with human immunodeficiency virus in high-risk women in Burkina Faso: a longitudinal study
BACKGROUND: Human papillomaviruses are the most common sexually transmitted infections, and genital warts, caused by HPV-6 and 11, entail considerable morbidity and cost. The natural history of genital warts in relation to HIV-1 infection has not been described in African women. We examined risk factors for genital warts in a cohort of high-risk women in Burkina Faso, in order to further describe their epidemiology. METHODS: A prospective study of 765 high-risk women who were followed at 4-monthly intervals for 27 months in Burkina Faso. Logistic and Cox regression were used to identify factors associated with prevalent, incident and persistent genital warts, including HIV-1 serostatus, CD4+ count, and concurrent sexually transmitted infections. In a subset of 306 women, cervical HPV DNA was tested at enrollment. RESULTS: Genital wart prevalence at baseline was 1.6% (8/492) among HIV-uninfected and 7.0% (19/273) among HIV-1 seropositive women. Forty women (5.2%) experienced at least one incident GW episode. Incidence was 1.1 per 100 person-years among HIV-uninfected women, 7.4 per 100 person-years among HIV-1 seropositive women with a nadir CD4+ count >200 cells/ΌL and 14.6 per 100 person-years among HIV-1 seropositive women with a nadir CD4+ count †200 cells/ΌL. Incident genital warts were also associated with concurrent bacterial vaginosis, and genital ulceration. Antiretroviral therapy was not protective against incident or persistent genital warts. Detection of HPV-6 DNA and abnormal cervical cytology were strongly associated with incident genital warts. CONCLUSIONS: Genital warts occur much more frequently among HIV-1 infected women in Africa, particularly among those with low CD4+ counts. Antiretroviral therapy did not reduce the incidence or persistence of genital warts in this population
The combination of a blood test and Fibroscan improves the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis
Background and aims: Blood tests and liver stiffness evaluation (LSE) by ultrasonographic elastometry are accurate tools for diagnosing liver fibrosis. We evaluated whether their synchronous combination in new scores could improve the diagnostic accuracy and reduce liver biopsy requirement in algorithm. Methods: Three hundred and ninety patients with chronic liver disease of miscellaneous causes were included. Five blood fibrosis tests were evaluated: APRI, FIB-4, Hepascore, Fibrotest and FibroMeter. The reference was fibrosis Metavir staging. Results: Diagnosis of significant fibrosis (Metavir Fâ„2). The most accurate synchronous combination was FibroMeter+LSE, which provided a significantly higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.892) than LSE alone (0.867, P=0.011) or Fibrometer (0.834, P<10â3). An algorithm using the FibroMeter+LSE combination and then a liver biopsy in indeterminate cases had 91.9% diagnostic accuracy and required significantly fewer biopsies (20.2%) than previously published Bordeaux algorithm (28.6%, P=0.02) or sequential algorithm for fibrosis evaluation (SAFE) (55.7%, P<10â3). The Angers algorithm performance was not significantly different between viral hepatitis and other causes. Diagnosis of cirrhosis. The most accurate synchronous combination was LSE+FibroMeter, which provided â„90% predictive values for cirrhosis in 90.6% of patients vs 87.4% for LSE (P=0.02) and 57.9% for FibroMeter (P<10â3). An algorithm including the LSE+FibroMeter combination, and then a liver biopsy in indeterminate cases, had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than the SAFE algorithm (91.0 vs 79.8%, P<10â3), and required significantly fewer biopsies than the Bordeaux algorithm (9.3 vs 25.3%, P<10â3). Conclusion: The synchronous combination of a blood test plus LSE improves the accuracy of the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis and, consequently, markedly decreases the biopsy requirement in the diagnostic algorithm, notably to <10% in cirrhosis diagnosis
Epidemiology of Subpatent Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: Implications for Detection of Hotspots with Imperfect Diagnostics.
At the local level, malaria transmission clusters in hotspots, which may be a group of households that experience higher than average exposure to infectious mosquitoes. Active case detection often relying on rapid diagnostic tests for mass screen and treat campaigns has been proposed as a method to detect and treat individuals in hotspots. Data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in north-western Tanzania were used to examine the spatial distribution of Plasmodium falciparum and the relationship between household exposure and parasite density. Dried blood spots were collected from consenting individuals from four villages during a survey conducted in 2010. These were analysed by PCR for the presence of P. falciparum, with the parasite density of positive samples being estimated by quantitative PCR. Household exposure was estimated using the distance-weighted PCR prevalence of infection. Parasite density simulations were used to estimate the proportion of infections that would be treated using a screen and treat approach with rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) compared to targeted mass drug administration (tMDA) and Mass Drug Administration (MDA). Polymerase chain reaction PCR analysis revealed that of the 3,057 blood samples analysed, 1,078 were positive. Mean distance-weighted PCR prevalence per household was 34.5%. Parasite density was negatively associated with transmission intensity with the odds of an infection being subpatent increasing with household exposure (OR 1.09 per 1% increase in exposure). Parasite density was also related to age, being highest in children five to ten years old and lowest in those >â40 years. Simulations of different tMDA strategies showed that treating all individuals in households where RDT prevalence was above 20% increased the number of infections that would have been treated from 43 to 55%. However, even with this strategy, 45% of infections remained untreated. The negative relationship between household exposure and parasite density suggests that DNA-based detection of parasites is needed to provide adequate sensitivity in hotspots. Targeting MDA only to households with RDT-positive individuals may allow a larger fraction of infections to be treated. These results suggest that community-wide MDA, instead of screen and treat strategies, may be needed to successfully treat the asymptomatic, subpatent parasite reservoir and reduce transmission in similar settings
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