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    β€œΠ›Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅β€ ΠΈ β€œΡΠ»Π°Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅β€ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… классах русских сСминарий Π² XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅

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    The article focuses on the issue of using the Latin and β€œSlavensky” (that is, the combined Russian and Church Slavonic) languages in primary ecclesiastical education in the 18th century. By the 1740s, seminary education in Latin had established itself in Russia. But primary teaching of reading and writing in Russian and Church Slavonic was the tradition until the end of the 18th century, regardless of where the teaching was taking place, either at home or at a Russian school affiliated with a seminary. Russian schools were organized for teaching illiterate or semiliterate children. But by the late 18th century, several seminaries attempted to reorganize β€œRussian schools” into ecclesiastical schools in which Russian would be the only language of instruction. Junior classes at seminaries were fully focused on teaching Latin, but Latin was by no means a complete replacement for Russian. The principal method of instruction was translation, and the administrators of many seminaries demanded attention to the quality of the students’ translations into Russian. Thus, Russian and Latin were functionally distributed in primary education. Only Church Slavonic was practically excluded from teaching after the primary courses of reading and church singing, and that preconditioned its conservation as a language used only for church services, leading to the extinction of the hybrid form.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна исслСдованию употрСблСния Π»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ β€œΡΠ»Π°Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎβ€ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ понимались ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ русский ΠΈ цСрковнославянский языки) Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. БСминарскоС ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π½ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π² России ΠΊ 1740-ΠΌΒ Π³Π³. Однако Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‡Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒΠΌΡƒ Π½Π° русском ΠΈ цСрковнославянском языках Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, нСзависимо ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎ мСсто: Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² β€œΡ€ΡƒΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅β€ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ сСминарии. β€œΠ ΡƒΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹β€ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ для обучСния Π½Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ нСдостаточно Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Ρƒ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… сСминариях Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° сдСлана ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ β€œΡ€ΡƒΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹β€ Π² Π΄ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ завСдСния, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ шло ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° русском языкС. ΠΠ°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ классы сСминарий Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π½ΡŒ Π½Π΅ являлась, Π²ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠΈ распространСнному мнСнию, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ языка. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ обучСния являлся ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΈ руководство ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… сСминарий ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Π»ΠΎ особоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° качСство русского языка Π² Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… студСнтами ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ…. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, русский ΠΈ Π»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π½ΡŒ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ распрСдСлСны Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Волько цСрковнославянский Π±Ρ‹Π» практичСски ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ· прСподавания послС Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… курсов чтСния ΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пСния, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π² качСствС языка ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ слуТбы ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡ‡Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈΠ· употрСблСния срСди духовСнства

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡŒ ΠΈ проповСдничСство Π² России XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°: ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π°

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    This paper is devoted to the question of the spread of court sermons in 18th-century Russian society. The author describes three types that had been formed by the 1740s: court, seminary, and parish homilies. The main question is how and by what means did the court homilies in Elizabeth Petrovna’s time spread the cultural models, thoughts, and ideas created by court preachers throughout Russian society as a whole? Did these texts penetrate traditional culture and how were they adopted? Who read the court sermons, apart from members of the court? To answer these questions, the author describes how court homilies were published and sold, and how they entered the manuscript tradition. The analysis of archival and published materials allows the author to conclude that in the second half of the 18th century, the court sermon was only beginning to penetrate the β€œtraditional” culture. The genre spread primarily in the seminaries, where texts by court preachers functioned as a β€œlibrary” of panegyrical and theological elements to be used by students and teachers in their own compositions. With few exceptions, the court tradition does not intersect with texts originating from Old Russian and classical theological traditions, although all such texts are called slovo (literally β€˜word,’ i.e., β€˜sermon’). However, by the end of the 18th century, the new genre became more widely disseminated, following the spread of seminary education and the increase in the number of priests educated in this tradition.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна вопросу распространСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉ Π² русском общСствС XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Автор описываСт Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ, ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΊ 1740-ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ (ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ). Основной вопрос Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ придворная ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡŒ эпохи Π•Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ распространяла ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ, сформированныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² русском общСствС, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ способы использовались? ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈ эти ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ? ΠšΡ‚ΠΎ Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π» ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π°? Для ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° эти вопросы Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ описываСт, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡŽ. Анализ Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² позволяСт Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρƒ. Π’ основном ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ распространСны Π² сСминариях, Π³Π΄Π΅ тСксты ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² использовались Π² качСствС β€œΠ±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈβ€ панСгиричСских ΠΈ тСологичСских ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ слуТили ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ для студСнтов ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… свои ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Π°Ρ традиция Π·Π° Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ пСрСсСкаСтся с тСкстами, восходящими ΠΊ дрСвнСрусским ΠΈ классичСским богословским традициям, хотя ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅, ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ тСксты Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ β€œΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈβ€. Однако ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Ρƒ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ€ распространяСтся всё ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅ β€” вслСд Π·Π° распространСниСм сСминарского образования ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ числа свящСнников, воспитанных Π² этой Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ

    Β«Π‘ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, Π½Π΅ видавший Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ„Π΅ΠΉΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΒ»: ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ стихотворСнии Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°

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    The article presents the text of a curious anonymous poem from a mid-18th-century manuscript, and analyses its genre and language features. Comparing the poem with the descriptions of fireworks published in the last years of Elizabeth Petrovna's reign allows us to make an assumption about the most likely date of writing and the circle of persons who could be associated with the anonymous author. The lexical features of the work, as it seems, indicate that the author was part of the circle of I.I. Shuvalov, P.I. Shuvalov and M.V. Lomonosov (which is confirmed by analysing the contents of the manuscript).The anonymous poem provides us with an understanding of how the reception of key components of court culture (fireworks, court holidays, allegorical figures, panegyric poems, etc.) looked for the noble society of the middle of the 18th century.Β DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2023.1.09Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ публикуСтся тСкст Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стихотворСния ΠΈΠ· рукописного сборника сСрСдины XVIII Π².; Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Танровая ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ особСнности языка. БопоставлСниС с публикациями описаний Ρ„Π΅ΠΉΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ² послСдних Π»Π΅Ρ‚ правлСния Π•Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ позволяСт ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ вСроятной Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅ создания этого произвСдСния ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡ†, с ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π» связан Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€. ЛСксичСскиС особСнности произвСдСния ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π±Ρ‹Π» связан с ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ И. И. Π¨ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°, П. И. Π¨ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈ М. Π’. Ломоносова (Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ подтвСрТдаСтся составом сборника, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅). Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ стихотворСниС β€” интСрСсный ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ осмыслСния Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… поэтичСских ΠΈ прозаичСских Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, связанных с ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π΅ΠΉΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ° 2-ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ XVIII Π².Β Β DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2023.1.0

    Π›Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π½ΡŒ vs русский: языки класса Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² русских сСминариях XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°

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    The article focuses on the use of Russian and Latin in rhetoric classes in Russian seminaries of the 18thΒ century, based on published and archival documents. Over the course of the century, the status of the Russian language changed significantly, which may be attributed to a number of factors: the development of belletristic literature, an increase in book publishing, the encouragement of preaching, etc. However, despite the fact that rhetorical textbooks began to be published in Russian, Latin remained the language of rhetorical theory in seminaries. These processes are illustrated both by surviving collections of extracts and exemplary texts, and catalogs of seminar libraries.Β DOI:Β 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.14Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… источников рассматриваСтся ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ русского ΠΈ латинского языков Π² классах Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² русских сСминариях XVIIIΒ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. На протяТСнии столСтия ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ русского языка сущСствСнно измСнилось, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ связано с Ρ†Π΅Π»Ρ‹ΠΌ рядом Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² (Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ худоТСствСнной Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ объСмов книгоиздания, ΠΏΠΎΠΎΡ‰Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ проповСдничСства ΠΈ Ρ‚.Β Π΄.). Однако, нСсмотря Π½Π° появлСниС пособий ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° русском, языком риторичСской Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π² сСминариях остаСтся Π»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π½ΡŒ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ процСссы ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ сборники выписок ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… тСкстов, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ сСминарских Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ.Β DOI:Β 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.1

    β€œLatin” and β€œSlavonic” Education in the Primary Classes of Russian Seminaries in the 18th Century

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    The article focuses on the issue of using the Latin and β€œSlavensky” (that is, the combined Russian and Church Slavonic) languages in primary ecclesiastical education in the 18th century. By the 1740s, seminary education in Latin had established itself in Russia. But primary teaching of reading and writing in Russian and Church Slavonic was the tradition until the end of the 18th century, regardless of where the teaching was taking place, either at home or at a Russian school affiliated with a seminary. Russian schools were organized for teaching illiterate or semiliterate children. But by the late 18th century, several seminaries attempted to reorganize β€œRussian schools” into ecclesiastical schools in which Russian would be the only language of instruction. Junior classes at seminaries were fully focused on teaching Latin, but Latin was by no means a complete replacement for Russian. The principal method of instruction was translation, and the administrators of many seminaries demanded attention to the quality of the students’ translations into Russian. Thus, Russian and Latin were functionally distributed in primary education. Only Church Slavonic was practically excluded from teaching after the primary courses of reading and church singing, and that preconditioned its conservation as a language used only for church services, leading to the extinction of the hybrid form
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