5 research outputs found
βΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅β ΠΈ βΡΠ»Π°Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅
The article focuses on the issue of using the Latin and βSlavenskyβ (that is, the combined Russian and Church Slavonic) languages in primary ecclesiastical education in the 18th century. By the 1740s, seminary education in Latin had established itself in Russia. But primary teaching of reading and writing in Russian and Church Slavonic was the tradition until the end of the 18th century, regardless of where the teaching was taking place, either at home or at a Russian school affiliated with a seminary. Russian schools were organized for teaching illiterate or semiliterate children. But by the late 18th century, several seminaries attempted to reorganize βRussian schoolsβ into ecclesiastical schools in which Russian would be the only language of instruction. Junior classes at seminaries were fully focused on teaching Latin, but Latin was by no means a complete replacement for Russian. The principal method of instruction was translation, and the administrators of many seminaries demanded attention to the quality of the studentsβ translations into Russian. Thus, Russian and Latin were functionally distributed in primary education. Only Church Slavonic was practically excluded from teaching after the primary courses of reading and church singing, and that preconditioned its conservation as a language used only for church services, leading to the extinction of the hybrid form.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ βΡΠ»Π°Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎβ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈ) Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ 1740-ΠΌΒ Π³Π³. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ: Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² βΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅β ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. βΠ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρβ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ βΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρβ Π² Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ, Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°
ΠΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°: ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ°
This paper is devoted to the question of the spread of court sermons in 18th-century Russian society. The author describes three types that had been formed by the 1740s: court, seminary, and parish homilies. The main question is how and by what means did the court homilies in Elizabeth Petrovnaβs time spread the cultural models, thoughts, and ideas created by court preachers throughout Russian society as a whole? Did these texts penetrate traditional culture and how were they adopted? Who read the court sermons, apart from members of the court? To answer these questions, the author describes how court homilies were published and sold, and how they entered the manuscript tradition. The analysis of archival and published materials allows the author to conclude that in the second half of the 18th century, the court sermon was only beginning to penetrate the βtraditionalβ culture. The genre spread primarily in the seminaries, where texts by court preachers functioned as a βlibraryβ of panegyrical and theological elements to be used by students and teachers in their own compositions. With few exceptions, the court tradition does not intersect with texts originating from Old Russian and classical theological traditions, although all such texts are called slovo (literally βword,β i.e., βsermonβ). However, by the end of the 18th century, the new genre became more widely disseminated, following the spread of seminary education and the increase in the number of priests educated in this tradition.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊ 1740-ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ). ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ? ΠΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ? ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°? ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ βΠ±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈβ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΌ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅, ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ βΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈβ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ β Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ
Β«Π‘ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΒ»: ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
The article presents the text of a curious anonymous poem from a mid-18th-century manuscript, and analyses its genre and language features. Comparing the poem with the descriptions of fireworks published in the last years of Elizabeth Petrovna's reign allows us to make an assumption about the most likely date of writing and the circle of persons who could be associated with the anonymous author. The lexical features of the work, as it seems, indicate that the author was part of the circle of I.I. Shuvalov, P.I. Shuvalov and M.V. Lomonosov (which is confirmed by analysing the contents of the manuscript).The anonymous poem provides us with an understanding of how the reception of key components of court culture (fireworks, court holidays, allegorical figures, panegyric poems, etc.) looked for the noble society of the middle of the 18th century.Β DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2023.1.09Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ XVIII Π².; Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π. Π. Π¨ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π. Π. Π¨ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π. Π. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π° (ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅). ΠΡΠΎ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° 2-ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ XVIII Π².Β Β DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2023.1.0
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Ρ vs ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ: ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
The article focuses on the use of Russian and Latin in rhetoric classes in Russian seminaries of the 18thΒ century, based on published and archival documents. Over the course of the century, the status of the Russian language changed significantly, which may be attributed to a number of factors: the development of belletristic literature, an increase in book publishing, the encouragement of preaching, etc. However, despite the fact that rhetorical textbooks began to be published in Russian, Latin remained the language of rhetorical theory in seminaries. These processes are illustrated both by surviving collections of extracts and exemplary texts, and catalogs of seminar libraries.Β DOI:Β 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.14Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
XVIIIΒ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Ρ.Β Π΄.). ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ.Β DOI:Β 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.1
βLatinβ and βSlavonicβ Education in the Primary Classes of Russian Seminaries in the 18th Century
The article focuses on the issue of using the Latin and βSlavenskyβ (that is, the combined Russian and Church Slavonic) languages in primary ecclesiastical education in the 18th century. By the 1740s, seminary education in Latin had established itself in Russia. But primary teaching of reading and writing in Russian and Church Slavonic was the tradition until the end of the 18th century, regardless of where the teaching was taking place, either at home or at a Russian school affiliated with a seminary. Russian schools were organized for teaching illiterate or semiliterate children. But by the late 18th century, several seminaries attempted to reorganize βRussian schoolsβ into ecclesiastical schools in which Russian would be the only language of instruction. Junior classes at seminaries were fully focused on teaching Latin, but Latin was by no means a complete replacement for Russian. The principal method of instruction was translation, and the administrators of many seminaries demanded attention to the quality of the studentsβ translations into Russian. Thus, Russian and Latin were functionally distributed in primary education. Only Church Slavonic was practically excluded from teaching after the primary courses of reading and church singing, and that preconditioned its conservation as a language used only for church services, leading to the extinction of the hybrid form