The Coffee Market in Japan

This publication presents information on Japan in the world coffee market. It includes distribution channels in Japan and consumer profiles and perceptions

Reliability of Screening Methods to Diagnose Oral Dryness and Evaluate Saliva Secretion

In this study, we evaluated the reliability and reproducibility of widely implemented salivary flow rate and oral dryness tests. In experiment 1, twenty young and healthy Japanese participants volunteered to participate. For each participant, the oral moisture (OM) level, unstimulated whole saliva volume (U-WSV), and stimulated whole saliva volume (S-WSV) were measured at the same time on two separate days. In experiment 2, twenty-seven patients who were over 65 years of age volunteered to participate. The OM level and U-WSV were measured at the same time on two separate days. In Experiment 1, the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) corresponding to the S-WSV, U-WSV, and OM level were 0.23, 0.28, and 0.16, respectively, for the young participants. In Experiment 2, the ICCs corresponding to the U-WSV/spitting and OM level were 0.83 and 0.12, respectively, for the older participants. The results of Bland–Altman analysis confirmed the absence of systematic error, with the exception of the OM level results in Experiment 2, which indicated systematic bias. In conclusion, we believe that there is currently no consistent and reliable screening test for assessing salivary flow rate and oral dryness, although the spitting test was determined to be highly reliable

経動脈的化学塞栓術における予防的抗菌薬と肝膿瘍発症の関連 : 後方視的コホート研究

Objectives: Clinical evidence on prophylactic antibiotics for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) to prevent liver abscess is limited because liver abscess is a rare event. This study aimed to analyse the association between prophylactic antibiotic use for TACE and the occurrence of liver abscess after TACE. Methods: Using the nationwide Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan, we retrospectively identified patients who underwent TACE for hepatic cancer between July 2010 and March 2017. The primary outcome was liver abscess requiring procedural intervention within 30 days of TACE. Secondary outcomes included 30-day in-hospital mortality and length of stay. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors and compare outcomes between patients with and without prophylactic antibiotics. Results: Among 167 544 eligible patients, 134 712 received antibiotics and 32 832 did not. In the matched cohort of 29 211 pairs, the proportion of patients with liver abscess requiring procedural intervention was significantly lower in the antibiotics group than in the no-antibiotics group (0.08% vs. 0.22%, p 0.001; relative risk (95% confidence interval), 0.35 (0.22-0.57); absolute risk reduction, 0.0014 (0.0008-0.0021); and number needed to treat, 696 (476-1223)). There was no significant difference in 30-day in-hospital mortality between the groups. The length of stay was longer in the antibiotics group than in the no-antibiotics group (median, 10 vs. 9 days, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Prophylactic antibiotic use in patients undergoing TACE was associated with a reduced occurrence of liver abscess requiring procedural intervention.博士（医学）・甲第794号・令和3年6月25日Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved

農産物輸入枠拡大とわが国の農業者の対応

The purpose of this questionaire research is the consideration to the correspondences of the farmers\u27 in our country to the quantitative enlargement of agricultural commodities\u27 import of our country. This questionaire research was done in autumn 1981 in beef-cattle raising districts and mandarin orange producing districts. Roughly speaking, the farmers in mandarin orange producing districts are more exposed to the menace of the quantitative enlargement of agricultural commodities\u27 import than those in beef-cattle raising districts

ニチベイ カン ノ ショクリョウヒン ノ コウリ マーケィング オヨビ ショウヒシャ ノ ショクリョウヒン コウバイ コウドウ トクセイ ノ サイ ニツイテショクリョウヒン ノ ナイガイ カカクサ ノ コウゾウ ブンセキ オ スイシン スルタメノ サンコウ ジョウホウ オ テイキョウ スル タチバ カラ

From 1989 to early 1990s, there were huge discussions on traditional Japanese marketing systems as hazards for trade volume expansion between U. S. and Japan under the U. S. Japan Structural Impediments Initiative. Some sources of these impediments related to marketing systems were thought to be international price difference, wholesaling an