TENDENCIES OF PREVALENCE OF NARCOLOGICAL DISEASES IN RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The analysis of the data of medical statistics of narcological establishments for 2007 is carried out. There is reduction of number of clinics, numbers of experts in narcology, increase in an overload of experts, reduction of number of beds in narcological establishments, decrease in a parameter of employment of a bed marked. The data on number the consumers of drugs registered in narcological establishments testify to a high level of prevalence of a narcotism in Russia. Prevalence of drunkenness in Russia remains still high and makes 1,6 % of an aggregate number of the population. Thus in a number of regions this parameter was stabilized at a level of 3-5 % of an aggregate number of the population. Some decrease in primary desease by drunkenness and alcoholic psychoses was outlined. However this parameter still remains at a high level, exceeding a level of 1991 in 3,8 times

Neutrophil Activation by Mineral Microparticles Coated with Methylglyoxal-Glycated Albumin

Hyperglycemia-induced protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and pathological biomineralization. Receptors for AGEs (RAGEs) mediate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via activation of NADPH-oxidase. It is conceivable that binding of glycated proteins with biomineral particles composed mainly of calcium carbonate and/or phosphate enhances their neutrophil-activating capacity and hence their proinflammatory properties. Our research managed to confirm this hypothesis. Human serum albumin (HSA) was glycated with methylglyoxal (MG), and HSA-MG was adsorbed onto mineral microparticles composed of calcium carbonate nanocrystals (vaterite polymorph, CC) or hydroxyapatite nanowires (CP). As scopoletin fluorescence has shown, H2O2 generation by neutrophils stimulated with HSA-MG was inhibited with diphenyleneiodonium chloride, wortmannin, genistein and EDTA, indicating a key role for NADPH-oxidase, protein tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and divalent ions (presumably Ca2+) in HSA-MG-induced neutrophil respiratory burst. Superoxide anion generation assessed by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (Luc-CL) was significantly enhanced by free HSA-MG and by both CC-HSA-MG and CP-HSA-MG microparticles. Comparing the concentrations of CC-bound and free HSA-MG, one could see that adsorption enhanced the neutrophil-activating capacity of HSA-MG