Ecology of Irion County Buckwheat (Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae)

Eriogonum nealleyi , the Irion County buckwheat, is an endemic plant reported to occur in five counties (Sterling, Irion, Howard, Coke, Tom Green Counties) in Texas. We collected locality data from herbarium specimens, mapped locations for Sterling, Irion, and Tom Green Counties, and then surveyed each site. We found plants at only one site in Sterling County; however, we discovered three additional small populations in the vicinity of the recorded location. These populations were used for our study of the reproductive biology and pollination ecology. Field investigations commenced in September, when plants began flowering, and continued to November, when the last fruits matured. Based on hand pollination tests, the taxon appears to be self-incompatible, although fruit set was very low in both self and cross pollination tests. The flowers are very small, 1.5-2mm in diameter at anthesis, and occur in tight clusters in a cup-shaped involucre. Both of these features made marking and tracking results from crosses very difficult. Flowers exhibit both physical and temporal mechanisms for preventing self-pollination. Anther dehiscence occurs first. At this time the three styles are curved downward, around the pistil. Tests using peroxtesmo esterase indicator papers showed stigmas did not become receptive until later in the floral phenology when styles had straightened and were erect in the flower. At this stage, little pollen remains in the anthers and filaments now bow outward, away from receptive stigmas. Flowers produce ample, conspicuous nectar but insect visitors were rare on most observation days. Studies will resume in Fall 2017.Head of the River Ranch Faculty-Mentored Undergraduate Research Progra

Egg-laying habits of Slosser’s buckmoth (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from Andrews County in northwest Texas

A study of an egg-laying behavior unique to only a few genera of moths.Hemileuca slosseri inhabits the rolling sand plains of southeastern New Mexico, northwest Texas, and southwestern Oklahoma, where the larval stages of this species feed exclusively on the leaves of Quercus havardii. Adults emerge in November and immediately complete their egg laying activities. Observations in the field during the fall of 2013 reveal that many of the newly deposited egg rings were positioned in close proximity to existing hatched egg rings left over from the previous year. This study was undertaken to observe the egg laying habits of H. slosseri in Andrews County and determine if there is any correlation between the presence of existing hatched egg rings and the deposition of new eggs. Following all seasonal reproductive and egg laying activities in January of 2014, a 12 by 40 meter study area was established adjacent to Hwy 115 approximately 13 km SW of Andrews, Texas. All egg rings were mapped as to location, and height above ground as well as the stem diameter of each egg ring was recorded. A total of 134 egg rings were observed on the study plot (91 hatched and 43 un-hatched). Height above ground did not vary between new and old egg cases (Unhatched: 22.8±0.79 cm; Hatched: 20.7±0.66 cm; P<0.065), but new eggs were found on smaller stems compared to old eggs (Unhatched: 1.69±0.089 mm; Hatched: 2.17±0.072 mm; P<0.0002). All egg cases exhibited an aggregated dispersion that appeared to follow the dispersion of the Q. havardii. Nearest neighbor analysis supports this claim, but it does not suggest an association between new and old egg rings. Therefore, stem diameter and not presence of hatched egg cases appears to be the determining factor in the positioning of the new egg rings. Additional field studies are currently underway and should provide a more complete resolution of the factors affecting oviposition in female moths.Center for Innovation in Teaching and Research - First Year Research Experience Progra