Adaptive Evolution of an Artificial RNA Genome to a Reduced Ribosome Environment

The reconstitution of an artificial system that has the same evolutionary ability as a living thing is a major challenge in the <i>in vitro</i> synthetic biology. In this study, we tested the adaptive evolutionary ability of an artificial RNA genome replication system, termed the translation-coupled RNA replication (TcRR) system. In a previous work, we performed a study of the long-term evolution of the genome with an excess amount of ribosome. In this study, we continued the evolution experiment in a reduced-ribosome environment and observed that the mutant genome compensated for the reduced ribosome concentration. This result demonstrated the ability of the TcRR system to adapt and may be a step toward generating living things with evolutionary ability