Slow Life Strategists Hold More Growth Mindsets (for Intelligence not Physical Attractiveness)

HonorsPsychologyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169429/1/janetykk.pd

EFFECTS OF LANDING HEIGHT AND KNEE JOINT MUSCLE FATIGUE ON ANKLE AND KNEE JOINT KINEMATICS DURING CUTTING AFTER LANDING

This study aimed to investigate the effects of landing height and knee joint muscle fatigue on ankle and knee joint kinematics during cutting after landing. Participants included 29 adults (age = 20.83 ± 1.56 years; height = 172.42 ± 9.51 cm; mass = 65.07 ± 10.18 kg) with no orthopedic history in the lower limb joints in the previous 6 months. The results showed that different landing heights of 30 and 40 cm and 30% fatigue of the peak torque of knee extensor found a forefoot landing and stiff landing strategy, when cutting after landing. These results might be due to a decline in the shock absorption capability of the knee joint and the movement capability related to cutting while increasing the contribution of the ankle joint

THE EFFECT OF KNEE FATIGUE ON SHOCK ABSORPTION DURING CUTTING MOVEMENT AFTER JUMP-LANDING

This study aimed to investigate the effect of knee fatigue on shock absorption during cutting movements after jump-landings. Twenty-four healthy subjects performed cutting movements following jump-landings from 40 cm height, and Pre, Post-SO%, and Post- 30% of their pre-test measured maximum toque, used by isokinetic flexion/extension of the knee. Results showed that Post 30% fatigue were associated with decreased ROM of the knee, increased ROM of the ankle, decreased load rate, increased knee stiffness, decreased peak power of the knee, decreased work of the knee, and increased work of the ankle. We suggest that the post-30% fatigue appears to be the threshold to quantify the fatigue level. This study indicate that increases in fatigue modify the strategy shock absorption from knee to ankle in cutting movements following jump landings

TURNING CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE DURING TIMED UP AND GO

This study aimed to investigate turning characteristics of patients with PD, using 3D analysis during the TUG test, to examine associations with the severity of PD. A total of 30 individuals performed the TUG test 10 patients with Hoehn and Yarh stages 2.5 and 3.0 PD (group I), 10 patients with H&Y stage 2.0 PD (group II), and 10 healthy elderly controls. Walking speed; step length; ROM of the hip, knee, and shoulder joint; foot clearance height; were significantly different between PD patients and controls. Step length and foot clearance height were significantly different between group I and group II. In conclusion, the TUG test may be a useful task for identifying turning characteristics of the severity of PO and to differentiate between PO patients and controls

Integrated Design of Rotary UAV Guidance and Control Systems Utiliz- ing Sliding Mode Control Technique

Abstract In this paper, the Integrated Guidance and Control (IGC) law is proposed for the Rotary Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (RUAV). The objective of the IGC law is to consider the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the RUAV and to design a guidance law which takes into consideration the nonlinear relationship between kinematics and dynamics. In order to control the RUAV system, sliding mode control scheme is adopted. As the RUAV is an under-actuated system, a slack variable approach is used to generate the available control inputs. Through the Lyapunov stability theorem, the stability of the proposed IGC law is proved. In order to verify the performance of the IGC law, numerical simulations are performed for waypoint tracking missions

Optical Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnants in M81 and M82

We present spectroscopy of 28 SNR candidates as well as one H II region in M81, and two SNR candidates in M82. Twenty six out of the M81 candidates turn out to be genuine SNRs, and two in M82 may be shocked condensations in the galactic outflow or SNRs. The distribution of [N II]/H{\alpha} ratios of M81 SNRs is bimodal. M81 SNRs are divided into two groups in the spectral line ratio diagrams: an [O III]-strong group and an [O III]-weak group. The latter have larger sizes, and may have faster shock velocity. [N II]/H{\alpha} ratios of the SNRs show a strong correlation with [S II]/H{\alpha} ratios. They show a clear radial gradient in [N II]/H{\alpha} and [S II]/H{\alpha} ratios: dLog ([N II]/H{\alpha})/dLog R = -0.018 {\pm} 0.008 dex/kpc and dLog ([S II]/H{\alpha})/dLog R = -0.016 {\pm} 0.008 dex/kpc where R is a deprojected galactocentric distance. We estimate the nitrogen and oxygen abundance of the SNRs from the comparison with shock-ionization models. We obtain a value for the nitrogen radial gradient, dLog(N/H)/dLogR = -0.023 {\pm} 0.009 dex/kpc, and little evidence for the gradient in oxygen. This nitrogen abundance shows a few times flatter gradient than those of the planetary nebulae and H II regions. We find that five SNRs are matched with X-ray sources. Their X-ray hardness colors are consistent with thermal SNRs.Comment: 19 pages, 24 figures, 5 tables, ApJ accepte

OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF AN URBAN AREA THROUGH A COMBINATION OF AERIAL IMAGE AND AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA

ABSTRACT This paper studies the effect of airborne elevation information on the classification of an aerial image in an urban area. In an urban area, it is difficult to classify buildings relying solely on the spectral information obtained from aerial images because urban buildings possess a variety of roof colors. Therefore, combining Lidar data with aerial images overcomes the difficulties encountered with regard to the heterogeneous appearance of buildings. In the first stage of this process, building information is obtained and is extracted using the normalized Digital Surface Model, return information derived from the airborne Lidar data, and vegetation information obtained through preclassification. In the second stage of this process, the aerial image is segmented into objects. It is then overlaid with building information extracted from the first step in the process. By applying the definite rule to the resulting image, it is possible to determine whether or not the object is a building. In the final stage, the aerial image is classified by using the building object as ancillary data extracted from the prior stage. This classification procedure uses elevation and intensity information obtained from the Lidar data, as well as the red, green, and blue bands obtained from the aerial image. As a result, a method using the combination of an aerial image and the airborne Lidar data shows higher accuracy and improved classification, especially with regard to building objects, than results that rely solely on an aerial image

Ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi prevents oxidative damage and neuroinflammation and memorial impairments in artificial senescense mice

Aging is a progressive process related to the accumulation of oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. We tried to find the anti-amnesic effect of the Scutellaria baicalens Georgia (SBG) ethanol extract and its major ingredients. The antioxidative effect of SBG on the mice model with memory impairment induced by chronic injection of D-galactose and sodium nitrate was studied. The Y-maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory function of mice. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and the content of malondialdehyde in brain tissue were used for the antioxidation activities. Neuropathological alteration and expression of bcl-2 protein were investigated in the hippocampus by immunohistochemical staining. ROS, neuroinflammation and apoptosis related molecules expression such as Cox-2, iNOS, procaspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, 8 and 9, bcl-2 and bax protein and the products of iNOS and Cox-2, NO, PGE2, were studied using LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells and microglia BV2 cells. The cognition of mice was significantly improved by the treatment of baicalein and 50 and 100 mg/kg of SBG in Y-maze test. Both SBG groups showed strong antioxidation, antiinflammation effects with significantly decreased iNOS and Cox-2 expression, NO and PGE2 production, increased bcl-2 and decreased bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in LPS induced Raw 264.7 and BV2 cells. We also found that apoptotic pathway was caused by the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway with the decreased cleaved caspase-9 and unchanged cleaved caspase-8 expression. These findings suggest that SBG, especially high dose, 100 mg/kg, improved the memory impairments significantly and showed antioxidation, antiinflammation and intrinsic caspase-mediated apoptosis effects