PTP4A3 (PRL-3) expression correlate with lymphatic metastases in gastric cancer.

Many studies have proved that protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVAmember 3 (PTP4A3, PRL-3) plays a major role in the metastasis of gastric cancer, especially to local lymph nodes. The objective of the current study was to assess the expression of PTP4A3 in gastric cancer in correlation with chosen anatomoclinical parameters and patients' survival. Atotal of 71 patients with gastric carcinomas were divided according to Lauren's, Goseki's, Bormann's and Kubo's classifications. The level of PTP4A3 was determined immunohistochemically using a mouse monoclonal anti-PTP4A3 antibody (clone 3B6, anti-human PTP4A3, Attogen Biomedical Research, USA). A statistically significant correlation was observed between PTP4A3 and Kubo's classifications (p=0.0454) and on the verge of statistical significance with Lauren's classification (p=0.0503). The expression of the protein was associated more with the poorly-differentiated mucoid carcinoma and diffused-type carcinoma (58% of cases). We demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between local lymph node involvement and positive expression of PTP4A3 in the primary tumour (p=0.0000). The current study seems to prove that PTP4A3 may have a significant impact on the lymphatic spread of gastric carcinoma. The protein expression is also significantly associated with gastric carcinomas having a worse prognosis, although patients' survival rate showed lack of correlation with PTP4A3 expression

Diagnostics and treatment of ovarian cancer in the era of precision medicine - opportunities and challenges

Due to predictions of increasing incidences and deaths from ovarian cancer, this neoplasm is a challenge for modern health care. The advent of NGS technology has made it possible to understand the molecular characteristics of many cancers, including ovarian cancer. The data obtained in research became the basis for the development of molecularly targeted therapies thus leading to the entry of NGS analysis into the diagnostic process of oncological patients. This review presents targeted therapies currently in preclinical or clinical trials, whose promising results offer hope for their use in clinical practice in the future. As more therapeutic options emerge, it will be necessary to modify molecular diagnostic regimens to select the best treatment for a given patient. New biomarkers are needed to predict the success of planned therapy. An important aspect of public health is molecular testing in women with a familial predisposition to ovarian cancer enabling patients to be included in prevention programs. NGS technology, despite its high throughput, poses many challenges, from the quality of the diagnostic material used for testing to the interpretation of results and classification of sequence variants. The article highlights the role of molecular testing in ongoing research and also its role in the diagnostic and therapeutic process in the era of personalized medicine. The spread of genetic testing in high-risk groups, the introduction of more targeted therapies and also the possibility of agnostic therapies could significantly improve the health situation for many women worldwide

Epidermal Cyst of the Spleen - a Rare Case in Clinical Practice

Splenic cysts are rare disease that are diagnosed incidentally during imaging studies. In recent years, through the development of diagnostic methods the detection of their are increased, although documented and described in the literature of cases is still low. The disease can be asymptomatic - this concerns mainly small cysts, but greater changes cause unspecific symptoms resulting from oppression of enlarged spleen on adjacent organs. Due to the etiology of cysts, they are divided into primordial and false. Primordial cysts have an epithelial lining which distinguishes them from false and they are divided into parasitic and nonparasitic. Because of the possibility of complications cysts usually treated surgically, with the aim to preserve the splenic parenchyma. We present a case of a 28-year-old woman who has revealed the presence of epidermal cysts of the splee