The influence of the professional stress on the communicative qualities of teacher’s personality

© 2015, Review of European Studies. All right reserved. Thematic justification of the teachers’ professional stress research is due to the fact that its prevention is a significant problem of psychological services in education. The purpose of the article is to study the interplay between professional stress and communication characteristics of teacher’s personality in the process of increasing the teaching experience. The main method of studying this issue is the ascertaining experiment. The professional stress is correlated both with communicative and emotional-personal indicators; it influences such indicators as emotional stability, sociability, courage, practicality and innovative ability of the teacher and his/her independence in the relationship. The main feature of teacher’s interpersonal communication is the predominance of conflict-free attitude, agreement in contacts with others. The indicator “the level of professional stress” appears almost throughout the teacher’s professional activity and it is backbone in two of the three intercorrelation matrixes composed according to the increase of teaching experience. The obtained results allow talking about a marked influence of professional stress on the quality of teacher’s personality. Emotional stability is regarded as one of the factors to deal with stress. Immediate practical value has a generated group of methods to diagnose the level of occupational stress objectively and quickly in terms of monitoring of professionally significant qualities of the teacher’s personality

Factors of teachers' psychological health-ailment within the period of their professional activity

Psychological health of school teachers is the subject-matter of this article. It is shown that teachers' psychological health has not been studied enough though health phenomenon has been researched to a high degree. The goal of the research is to study psychological health of teachers having different pedagogical experience and of different age groups. The data obtained indicate that with the increase of age and pedagogical experience, the level of teachers' behavioral performance aimed at their health support and promotion decreases. There have been found significant differences in the declared attitude to health as value and teachers' actual actions. © IDOSI Publications, 2014

Modern classification and molecular-genetic aspects of osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (imperfect osteogenesis in the Russian literature) is the most common hereditary form of bone fragility, it is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease with a wide range of clinical severity, often leading to disability from early childhood. It is based on genetic disorders leading to a violation of the structure of bone tissue, which leads to frequent fractures, impaired growth and posture, with the development of characteristic disabling bone deformities and associated problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, renal impairment, hearing loss. Osteogenesis imperfecta occurs in both men and women, the disease is inherited in both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive types, there are sporadic cases of the disease due to de novomutations, as well as X-linked forms. The term “osteogenesis imperfecta” was coined by W. Vrolick in the 1840s. The first classification of the disease was made in 1979 and has been repeatedly reviewed due to the identification of the molecular cause of the disease and the discovery of new mechanisms for the development of osteogenesis imperfecta. In the early 1980s, mutations in two genes of collagen type I (COL1A1and COL1A2) were first associated with an autosomal dominant inheritance type of osteogenesis imperfecta. Since then, 18 more genes have been identified whose products are involved in the formation and mineralization of bone tissue.  The degree of genetic heterogeneity of the disease has not yet been determined, researchers continue to identify new genes involved in its pathogenesis, the number of which has reached 20. In the last decade, it has become  known that autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked mutations in a wide range of genes, encoding  proteins that are involved in the synthesis of type I collagen, its processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells, cause imperfect  osteogenesis. A large number of causative genes complicated the classical classification of the disease and, due to new advances in the molecular basis of the disease, the classification of the disease is constantly being improved.  In this review, we systematized and summarized information on the results of studies in the field of clinical and genetic aspects of osteogenesis imperfecta and reflected the current state of the classification criteria for diagnosing the disease

Epigenetic regulation of bone remodeling and its role in the pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis

Discovery of molecular mechanisms of primary osteoporosis development is fundamental to understand the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases in general and for identifying key links in the genetic and epigenetic regulation of bone remodelling genes. The number of identified molecular genetic markers for osteoporosis is increasing but there is a need to describe their functional interactions. These interactions have been determined to be associated with the control of expression of a number of transcription factors and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the pathway of osteoblastogenesis or adipogenesis, and monocytic precursors through the pathway of osteoclastogenesis. The results of epigenetic studies have significantly increased the understanding of the role of post-translational modifications of histones, DNA methylation and RNA interference in the osteoporosis pathogenesis and in bone remodelling. However, the knowledge should be systematised and generalised according to the results of research on the role of epigenetic modifiers in the development of osteoporosis, and the influence of each epigenetic mechanism on the individual links of bone remodelling during ontogenesis of humans in general, including the elderly, should be described. Understanding which mechanisms and systems are involved in the development of this nosology is of interest for the development of targeted therapies, as the possibility of using microRNAs to regulate genes is now being considered. Systematisation of these data is important to investigate the differences in epigenetic marker arrays by race and ethnicity. The review article analyses references to relevant reviews and original articles, classifies information on current advances in the study of epigenetic mechanisms in osteoporosis and reviews the results of studies of epigenetic mechanisms on individual links of bone remodelling

Clinical, genetic aspects and molecular pathogenesis of osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis (“marble bone”, ICD-10-78.2) includes a group of hereditary bone disorders distinguished by clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity. The name “osteopetrosis” comes from the Greek language: ‘osteo’ means ‘bone’ and ‘petrosis’ means ‘stone’, which characterizes the main feature of the disease: increased bone density caused by imbalances in bone formation and remodeling, leading to structural changes in bone tissue, predisposition to fractures, skeletal deformities. These defects, in turn, affect other important organs and tissues, especially bone marrow and the nervous system. The disease can be autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, X-linked or sporadic. Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis has an incidence of 1 in 20,000 newborns and autosomal recessive one has 1 in 250,000. To date, 23 genes have been described, structural changes in which lead to the development of osteopetrosis. Clinical symptoms in osteopetrosis vary greatly in their presentation and severity. The mildest skeletal abnormalities are observed in adulthood and occur in the autosomal dominant form of osteopetrosis. Severe forms, being autosomal recessive and manifesting in early childhood, are characterized by fractures, mental retardation, skin lesions, immune system disorders, renal tubular acidosis. Clinical examination and review of radiographs, bone biopsy and genetic testing provide the bases for clinical diagnosis. The early and accurate detection and treatment of the disease are important to prevent hematologic abnormalities and disease progression to irreversible neurologic consequences. Most patients die within the first decade due to secondary infections, bone marrow suppression and/or bleeding. This article summarizes the current state of the art in this field, including clinical and genetic aspects, and the molecular pathogenesis of the osteopetrosis

Reaction of Trichloro(o-phenylenedioxy)phosphorane with Four-Coordinate Phosphorus Esters

Reactions of trialkyl phosphates and dialkyl alkenylphosphonates with trichloro(o-phenylenedioxy)phosphorane result in selective replacement of one alkoxy group on the phosphorus by a chlorine atom. Alkylphosphonates react with trichloro(o-phenylenedioxy)phosphorane to give alkyl alkylphosphonochloridates as the major products and small amounts of alkylphosphonic dichlorides

Reactions of mercaptobenzimidazole with allenylphosphonates

Reactions of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole with 3-methylbuta-1,2- dienylphosphonates involve the mercapto group of the heterocyclic compound and the 1,2-double bond of allenylphosphonate. © Springer-Verlag 2011

Reactions of buta-1,2-dienylphosphonate with thiols

Addition of propane-1-thiol and ethane-1,2-dithiol to 3,3- dimethylalienylphosphonate occurs at the 1,2-double bond of the cumulene system

Reactions of phosphorylated allenes with dithiocarbamates

The addition of morpholino-, piperidino-, and N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate anions to 1,2-propadiene- and 1,2-butadienephosphonates proceeds on the electrophilic 1,2-double bond of the allene system with the formation of linear dithioesters. 1-Vinylallenylphosphonates add dithiocarbamate anions on the 1,3-conjugated system of multiple bonds, forming a mixture of stereoisomeric dithioesters with a diene structure. © 1990 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Synthesis of polyphosphorylated diaminoalkanes

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Heating a mixture of 2 2:1 molar ratio of vinylphosphonate with 1,3-diaminopropane leads to the formation N,N-bis-[(dialkoxyphosphoryl)ethyl]-1,3-diaminopropane. The tetraphosphorylated diaminoalkanes were obtained on the basis of the Kabachnik-Fields reaction