The grain size distribution investigation of high purity plating Cu wire in depth direction

[Abstract unavailable

Analysis of electrodeposited nano-scale copper wire microstructure by EBSD method

The high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was applied to study electrodeposited and subsequently annealed nano-scale copper wires. The mean grain size was found to be coarser than the mean free path of electrons (~ 40 nm). The wires were shown to contain a notable fraction of low-angle boundaries as well as annealing twins. The material was found have a strong {111} texture

The rodent models of arteriovenous fistula

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have long been used as dialysis access in patients with end-stage renal disease; however, their maturation and long-term patency still fall short of clinical needs. Rodent models are irreplaceable to facilitate the study of mechanisms and provide reliable insights into clinical problems. The ideal rodent AVF model recapitulates the major features and pathology of human disease as closely as possible, and pre-induction of the uremic milieu is an important addition to AVF failure studies. Herein, we review different surgical methods used so far to create AVF in rodents, including surgical suturing, needle puncture, and the cuff technique. We also summarize commonly used evaluations after AVF placement. The aim was to provide recent advances and ideas for better selection and induction of rodent AVF models. At the same time, further improvements in the models and a deeper understanding of AVF failure mechanisms are expected

Immunoglobulin E and Mast Cell Proteases Are Potential Risk Factors of Human Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus

Recent studies have suggested that mast-cell activation and inflammation are important in obesity and diabetes. Plasma levels of mast cell proteases and the mast cell activator immunoglobulin E (IgE) may serve as novel inflammatory markers that associate with the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus. = 0.026) adjustment for common diabetes risk factors.Both IgE and chymase associate with diabetes status. While IgE and hs-CRP are individual risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus, interactions of IgE with hs-CRP or with chymase further increased the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus

The diploid genome sequence of an Asian individual

Here we present the first diploid genome sequence of an Asian individual. The genome was sequenced to 36-fold average coverage using massively parallel sequencing technology. We aligned the short reads onto the NCBI human reference genome to 99.97% coverage, and guided by the reference genome, we used uniquely mapped reads to assemble a high-quality consensus sequence for 92% of the Asian individual's genome. We identified approximately 3 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inside this region, of which 13.6% were not in the dbSNP database. Genotyping analysis showed that SNP identification had high accuracy and consistency, indicating the high sequence quality of this assembly. We also carried out heterozygote phasing and haplotype prediction against HapMap CHB and JPT haplotypes (Chinese and Japanese, respectively), sequence comparison with the two available individual genomes (J. D. Watson and J. C. Venter), and structural variation identification. These variations were considered for their potential biological impact. Our sequence data and analyses demonstrate the potential usefulness of next-generation sequencing technologies for personal genomics

High order weighted essentially non-oscillatory WENO-ZN schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws

In Shen et al. (2020), the authors have proposed a novel weighting method to construct the fifth-order WENO-ZN scheme to improve the accuracy at the second-order critical point. Its basic idea is that, the square of the fourth-order undivided difference on the global five-point stencil used by the fifth-order WENO scheme is suggested as the global smoothness indicator. To keep the ENO property and enhance robustness for resolving shock waves, the constant 1 used to calculate the un-normalized weights in the original WENO-Z schemes is replaced by an adaptive function, which can approach a small value if the global stencil contains a discontinuity or approach a large value if the solution is smooth enough. The fifth-order WENO-ZN scheme can obtain fifth order accuracy at both the first-and second-order critical points. However, limited by the smoothness indicators, the scheme cannot improve the convergence rate at the third-order and above critical points. In this paper, we extend the idea of the fifth-order WENO-ZN scheme to construct higher-order WENO-ZN schemes and investigate their performance. Numerical experiments show that the (2r-1)th-order (r & GE; 3) WENO-ZN schemes are robust for capturing shock waves and can improve the accuracy order in smooth regions including the maximum (2r - 4)th-order critical points