Механизация полевой сушки трав: пути совершенствования

High-quality grass feeds (hay, haylage, silage) decrease cost price, improve consumer properties and increase competitiveness of cattle products significantly being the main component of agricultural export for the Republic of Belarus. An important issue of grass feed procurement is acceleration of mowed grass drying process. Reduction of drying time or drying process acceleration has a positive effect on feed quality. To achieve this goal, technique of laying the mowed grass on stubble, in rolls or spreading, turning and conditioning is applied. Based on practical experience of application and analysis, the relevance of repeated rolling (reconditioning) of mowed grasses in rolls is substantiated. Design and workflow of new device for such grass rolling has been developed. Its working unit is designed as a sawn-deck or roller flatting apparatus. The kinematic parameters of the upper and lower rollers have been determined experimentally: the rollers rotation ratio should make 1.01 m ωв / ωн m 1.03. Field tests of the device with legumes helped to determined that it accelerates drying by 15–20%, reduces protein loss by 10–15% compared to drying with no treatment. The presented research materials present the development of the theory of grass feeds procurement mechanization. Use of the materials in practice will improve the quality of grass feeds by accelerating the mowed grass drying process.Качественные травяные корма (сено, сенаж, силос) существенно снижают себестоимость, улучшают потребительские свойства и повышают конкурентоспособность продукции крупного рогатого скота, являющейся для Республики Беларусь основной составляющей аграрного экспорта. Важным элементом процесса заготовки травяных кормов является ускорение сушки скошенных трав. Сокращение времени сушки или ее ускорение положительно влияет на их качество. Для достижения этой цели применяют укладку скошенных трав на стерню, в валки или растил, ворошение и кондеционирование. На основе их практического опыта применения и анализа обоснована актуальность повторного плющения (рекондеционирование) скошенных трав в валках. Разработана конструкция и рабочий процесс нового устройства для такого плющения трав. Его рабочий орган выполнен как бильно-дековый или вальцевый плющильный аппарат. Экспериментально установлены кинематические параметры работы верхнего и нижнего вальцов: соотношение их вращения должно быть 1,01 m ωв / ωн m 1,03. Полевыми испытаниями устройства на бобовых травах определено, что его применение способствует ускорению сушки на 15–20 %, уменьшает потери протеина на 10–15 % по сравнению с сушкой без обработки. Представленные материалы исследования являются развитием теории механизации заготовки травяных кормов. Их использование на практике будет способствовать повышению качества травяных кормов благодаря ускорению сушки скошенной травы

Cytotoxicity and ion release of alloy nanoparticles

It is well-known that nanoparticles could cause toxic effects in cells. Alloy nanoparticles with yet unknown health risk may be released from cardiovascular implants made of Nickel–Titanium or Cobalt–Chromium due to abrasion or production failure. We show the bio-response of human primary endothelial and smooth muscle cells exposed to different concentrations of metal and alloy nanoparticles. Nanoparticles having primary particle sizes in the range of 5–250 nm were generated using laser ablation in three different solutions avoiding artificial chemical additives, and giving access to formulations containing nanoparticles only stabilized by biological ligands. Endothelial cells are found to be more sensitive to nanoparticle exposure than smooth muscle cells. Cobalt and Nickel nanoparticles caused the highest cytotoxicity. In contrast, Titanium, Nickel–Iron, and Nickel–Titanium nanoparticles had almost no influence on cells below a nanoparticle concentration of 10 μM. Nanoparticles in cysteine dissolved almost completely, whereas less ions are released when nanoparticles were stabilized in water or citrate solution. Nanoparticles stabilized by cysteine caused less inhibitory effects on cells suggesting cysteine to form metal complexes with bioactive ions in media

Оценка производственных процессов на наиболее типичных фермах и комплексах по производству молока

The article presents the results of research, according to an energy assessment, of the most common options for combining spatial planning and technological solutions of buildings and structures, the set of technological equipment used on the most typical operating farms and milk production complexes. The most significant elements of technology and technological equipment, its operating modes, energy consumption by cost elements for the processes of preparation and distribution of feed, manure removal and provision of the required microclimate parameters, determining the intensity level of the production process in various variants of building layout and livestock, have been studied. The results obtained allow us to determine the most effective options for mechanization and automation of the production process and improve the technological methods of their implementation.Изложены результаты исследований по энергетической оценке наиболее распространенных вариантов сочетания объемно-планировочных и технологических решений зданий и сооружений, применяемого комплекта технологического оборудования на наиболее типичных фермах и комплексах по производству молока. Изучены наиболее значимые элементы технологии и технологическое оборудование, режимы его работы, энергопотребление по элементам затрат для процессов приготовления и раздачи кормов, удаления навоза и обеспечения требуемых параметров микроклимата, определяющие уровень интенсивности производственного процесса при различных вариантах планировки зданий и поголовья животных. Полученные результаты позволяют определить наиболее эффективные варианты механизации и автоматизации производственного процесса и усовершенствовать технологические приемы их выполнения

Impact of renal impairment on atrial fibrillation: ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and renal impairment share a bidirectional relationship with important pathophysiological interactions. We evaluated the impact of renal impairment in a contemporary cohort of patients with AF. Methods: We utilised the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry. Outcomes were analysed according to renal function by CKD-EPI equation. The primary endpoint was a composite of thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death. Secondary endpoints were each of these separately including ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic event, intracranial haemorrhage, cardiovascular death and hospital admission. Results: A total of 9306 patients were included. The distribution of patients with no, mild, moderate and severe renal impairment at baseline were 16.9%, 49.3%, 30% and 3.8%, respectively. AF patients with impaired renal function were older, more likely to be females, had worse cardiac imaging parameters and multiple comorbidities. Among patients with an indication for anticoagulation, prescription of these agents was reduced in those with severe renal impairment, p <.001. Over 24 months, impaired renal function was associated with significantly greater incidence of the primary composite outcome and all secondary outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between eGFR and the primary outcome (HR 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01–1.14] per 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease), that was most notable in patients with eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR 2.21 [95% CI, 1.23–3.99] compared to eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2). Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with AF suffer from concomitant renal impairment which impacts their overall management. Furthermore, renal impairment is an independent predictor of major adverse events including thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death in patients with AF

Clinical complexity and impact of the ABC (Atrial fibrillation Better Care) pathway in patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the ESC-EHRA EURObservational Research Programme in AF General Long-Term Registry

Background: Clinical complexity is increasingly prevalent among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The ‘Atrial fibrillation Better Care’ (ABC) pathway approach has been proposed to streamline a more holistic and integrated approach to AF care; however, there are limited data on its usefulness among clinically complex patients. We aim to determine the impact of ABC pathway in a contemporary cohort of clinically complex AF patients. Methods: From the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry, we analysed clinically complex AF patients, defined as the presence of frailty, multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy. A K-medoids cluster analysis was performed to identify different groups of clinical complexity. The impact of an ABC-adherent approach on major outcomes was analysed through Cox-regression analyses and delay of event (DoE) analyses. Results: Among 9966 AF patients included, 8289 (83.1%) were clinically complex. Adherence to the ABC pathway in the clinically complex group reduced the risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.72, 95%CI 0.58–0.91), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; aHR: 0.68, 95%CI 0.52–0.87) and composite outcome (aHR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58–0.85). Adherence to the ABC pathway was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death (aHR: 0.74, 95%CI 0.56–0.98) and composite outcome (aHR: 0.76, 95%CI 0.60–0.96) also in the high-complexity cluster; similar trends were observed for MACEs. In DoE analyses, an ABC-adherent approach resulted in significant gains in event-free survival for all the outcomes investigated in clinically complex patients. Based on absolute risk reduction at 1 year of follow-up, the number needed to treat for ABC pathway adherence was 24 for all-cause death, 31 for MACEs and 20 for the composite outcome. Conclusions: An ABC-adherent approach reduces the risk of major outcomes in clinically complex AF patients. Ensuring adherence to the ABC pathway is essential to improve clinical outcomes among clinically complex AF patients

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)—a powerful separation technique

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) provides an alternative approach to effectively separate small polar compounds on polar stationary phases. The purpose of this work was to review the options for the characterization of HILIC stationary phases and their applications for separations of polar compounds in complex matrices. The characteristics of the hydrophilic stationary phase may affect and in some cases limit the choices of mobile phase composition, ion strength or buffer pH value available, since mechanisms other than hydrophilic partitioning could potentially occur. Enhancing our understanding of retention behavior in HILIC increases the scope of possible applications of liquid chromatography. One interesting option may also be to use HILIC in orthogonal and/or two-dimensional separations. Bioapplications of HILIC systems are also presented

Impact of clinical phenotypes on management and outcomes in European atrial fibrillation patients: a report from the ESC-EHRA EURObservational Research Programme in AF (EORP-AF) General Long-Term Registry

Background: Epidemiological studies in atrial fibrillation (AF) illustrate that clinical complexity increase the risk of major adverse outcomes. We aimed to describe European AF patients\u2019 clinical phenotypes and analyse the differential clinical course. Methods: We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis based on Ward\u2019s Method and Squared Euclidean Distance using 22 clinical binary variables, identifying the optimal number of clusters. We investigated differences in clinical management, use of healthcare resources and outcomes in a cohort of European AF patients from a Europe-wide observational registry. Results: A total of 9363 were available for this analysis. We identified three clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 3634; 38.8%) characterized by older patients and prevalent non-cardiac comorbidities; Cluster 2 (n = 2774; 29.6%) characterized by younger patients with low prevalence of comorbidities; Cluster 3 (n = 2955;31.6%) characterized by patients\u2019 prevalent cardiovascular risk factors/comorbidities. Over a mean follow-up of 22.5 months, Cluster 3 had the highest rate of cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and the composite outcome (combining the previous two) compared to Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 (all P <.001). An adjusted Cox regression showed that compared to Cluster 2, Cluster 3 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.27\u20133.62; HR 3.42, 95%CI 2.72\u20134.31; HR 2.79, 95%CI 2.32\u20133.35), and Cluster 1 (HR 1.88, 95%CI 1.48\u20132.38; HR 2.50, 95%CI 1.98\u20133.15; HR 2.09, 95%CI 1.74\u20132.51) reported a higher risk for the three outcomes respectively. Conclusions: In European AF patients, three main clusters were identified, differentiated by differential presence of comorbidities. Both non-cardiac and cardiac comorbidities clusters were found to be associated with an increased risk of major adverse outcomes

СПОГАДИ ПРО НАУКОВУ ШКОЛУ АКАДЕМІКА В. А. ЛАЗАРЯНА

Only now, in the era of high-speed railway transport, there is a realization concerning the greatness of pioneering research 50 years ago of Academician V. A. Lazaryan, his fellow students, their demand and relevance in the evolutionary development of railways in the world. The work is the author's memoirs about the outstanding representatives of the scientific school of transport mechanics (including in the direction of the dynamics and stability of the trains movement) – Academician V. A. Lazaryan, Academician M. H. Bondar, Professor Y. P. Blokhin. They and their students, an informal creative team of researchers of different generations, continued and continue the work of their leader – Academician V. A. Lazaryan.Только сейчас, в эпоху высокоскоростного железнодорожного транспорта, приходит осознание величия пионерных исследований 50-летней давности академика В. А. Лазаряна, его учеников-соратников, их востребованности, актуальности в эволюционном развитии железных дорог в мире. Работа представляет собой воспоминания автора о выдающихся представителях научной школы транспортной механики (в т. ч. в направлении динамики и устойчивости движения железнодорожных составов) – академике В. А. Лазаряне, академике Н. Г. Бондаре, профессоре Е. П. Блохине. Именно они и уже их ученики, неформальный творческий коллектив исследователей разных поколений, продолжили и продолжают дело своего лидера – академика В. А. Лазаряна.Тільки зараз, в епоху високошвидкісного залізничного транспорту, приходить усвідомлення величі піонерних досліджень 50-річної давнини академіка В. А. Лазаряна, його учнів-соратників, їх затребуваності, актуальності в еволюційному розвитку залізниць у світі. Робота являє собою спогади автора про видатних представників наукової школи транспортної механіки (в т. ч. в напрямку динаміки та стійкості руху потягів) – академіка В. А. Лазаряна, академіка М. Г. Бондаря, професора Є. П. Блохіна. Саме вони і вже їх учні, неформальний творчий колектив дослідників різних поколінь, продовжили та продовжують справу свого лідера – академіка В. А. Лазаряна

CONTRADICTION BETWEEN TECHNOCRATIC AND HUMANISTIC SYSTEMS OF VALUES

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is determination of difference between technocratic and humanistic value systems. The authors also suggest to outline the range of issues specific to modern technological civilization, reflect its controdictory nature, as well as to focus on the university activity fields concerning formation and/or restoration of technocratic and humanitarian balance. Methodology. The most important methodological principle of the work is a systematic approach. It has determined logic of description and conclusion. During the study authors analyzed separate aspects of social development of the late 20th – early 21st centuries, as well as content analysis of the global information flow (documentary and non-documentary) on this topic and their own observations, obtained during the implementation of long-term educational and scientific practices at the university. It is, for example, drawing up a comparative table of technocratic and humanistic value systems. The authors have conducted a comparative analysis of 2 Sociological Research data (2009 and 2013 years) among university youth of Dnipropetrovsk "Modern Library by Students′ Eyes" and trending concerning the issues about the role of reading in the students lives. Findings. The difference between the technocratic and humanistic value systems was determined. Contemporary problems of the personal intellectual development in the process of education and training in technical universities during the dominance of technocratic value systems were outlined. Attention is focused on the university directions on formation and / or restoration of technocratic and humanitarian balance. Originality. The authors have analyzed and outlined a range of issues specific to contemporary industrial civilization, its controversial nature was reflected. Rebalancing of the technocratic and humanitarian is one of the major tasks in our time. The directions of universities activities were determined. Practical value. Highlighting the several problems solving necessity will ensure harmony in the interaction of technocratic and humanistic value systems. The material presented in this article can be used in the teaching of Humanities and Social Sciences, in the activities of various cultural and informational, mass-cultural, social structures of the University; the activity directions of which suggest a sociocultural understanding of technology, its achievements, the consequences of its development, the responsibility for its use, contributing to the restoration of harmony in the development of human and technological spheres