Who owns the republic?

As popular protests rage across India, has Prime Minister Narendra Modi diverted his focus and energies away from the real issue facing India-the fragile state of the economy that can no longer be kept hidden, asks Ravinder Kaur (University of Copenhagen)

A Modified transmission Algorithm for Resolving Vehicle Routing Problem by Intelligent Water drop Algorithm

A comparison between two technologies ‘Swarm Intelligence’ and ‘Intelligent Water drops’ inorder to overcome the disadvantages of various technologies is an integral concern of this paper . It is nature inspired. IWD algorithm is used to calculate the solutions of the n-queen puzzle with a simple local heuristic. Water of the ocean river easily finds best way from the number of various ways available to reach from its starting to end point. The water drops that flows in rivers has optimal paths that have been obtained by the actions and reactions. With the help of modified IWD algorithm the traveling of salesman problem has also solved. So it is considered as NP-hard Polynomial.NP-hard (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time hard) is a class of problems that are informally,” at least as hard as the hardest problems in NP”. IWD is a fastest algorithm. It provides the minimum distance among the all options. Due to the collaboration of SI and IWD, this algorithm is more efficient. It includes the properties of both SI and IWD. This paper proposes IWD techniques to solve VRP

Women in forestry in India

The increasingly visible impact of the fuelwood and fodder crisis on the household has called attention to the need to involve women in forestry planning. In this paper, women have been classified into four groups based on farming system and habitat: tribal women; hill women; plains women; and poor urban women. This paper attempts to make a few basic points. First, it is essential to document women's relationship to forests both in the context of the household and the outside economy. For projects to succeed, the linkages must be drawn between women's roles in the different farming systems, the food supply system, domestic tasks and their income-earning activities. A second major thrust of the paper is to demonstrate that an overriding concern with the impact of the fuelwood and fodder crisis on women as actors in the domestic subsistence economy has blinded planners to their equally important role in the non-domestic forestry economy. The paper also points out the importance of forest resources for poor households and as a source of income for resource-poor women. Finally, through an examination of women's roles in different farming systems, this paper shows women's substantial involvement with forests and makes the case for strengthening their involvement in the entire forestry sector.Forestry,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Crops&Crop Management Systems