Removal of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions by gamma irradiation activated biochar of plum pomace

The use of waste biomass for the production of fuels, sorbent of different pollutants or natural fillers has significant economic and environmental benefits. Plum (Prunus domestica) is a lush fruit consisting of bones, flesh and skin. It can be consumed fresh, dried or used to make juices, jams and brandies known as plum brandy. Plum is also known as a laxative. During processing, plum pomace is formed as a by-product of plum brandy production. Plum pomace contains a large proportion of polyphenols, so it can be used to produce dietary supplements. Therefore, in this study, the gamma irradiation activated biochar of plum pomace was examined as a lowcost biosorbent of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solution. It was prepared using pyrolysis process at 500 °C for a reaction time of 1 h, then was activated by gamma irradiation. The characterization of plum pomace before and after pyrolysis was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Analysis of morphology and functional groups presented the formation of cracks on the biochar surface, which are mainly dominated by oxygen-rich functional groups. The adsorption capacity of activated biochar was higher than inactivated biochar because its improved surface functional properties after gamma activation. The Cd2+ ions contents in aqueous solution were analyzed using ICP-OES. The adsorption capacity was estimated using the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The findings of this study confirm that pyrolysis is a promising way to produce efficient environmentally friendly sorbents for wastewater treatment.X JUBILEE International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2022 (Spring Edition) : book of abstracts; June 13-17, 2022; Herceg Novi, Montenegr

Fig pomace biochar modified using gamma irradiation for Pb2+ ions adsorption from aqueous solution

Fig (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit of the Moraceae family, which is mostly grown in subtropical regions, but also grows in Serbia. Fig trees are usually grown in warm and dry climates. According to the FAO world production of figs is stable, with a decade-long average of about 1.1 million tons a year. Fig pomace are formed after fermentation of this fruit which is used for the preparation of brandy. The brandy industry generates huge amounts of pomace as industrial waste, so pyrolysis as thermochemical technologies was used for organic agro-industrial waste treatment. Biochar produced by pyrolysis of fig pomace at 500 °C were characterized and investigated as adsorbents for the removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution. Fig pomace before and after pyrolysis was characterized using proximate, inorganic and elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Biochar has a carbon matrix with a high degree of porosity and large surface area, suggesting that it can be used as a surface adsorbent and thus have a significant role in controlling environmental contaminants. The surface modification by gamma irradiation was done to enhance the adsorption capacity of biochar. The Pb2+ ions contents in aqueous solution were analyzed using ICP-OES. The adsorption capacity was estimated using the Freundlich and Langmuir model. The results of this work suggest that pyrolysis and irradiation of biomass is a promising way to produce efficient heavy metal sorbents for waste-water treatment.X JUBILEE International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2022 (Spring Edition) : book of abstracts; June 13-17, 2022; Herceg Novi, Montenegr

Influence of synthesis conditions on adsorption capacity of SBA-15/alginate adsorbent for removal ions of nickel(II) and lead(II) from aqueous solution

„Contemporary Materials 2021“ : XIV International Scientific Conference : programme and book of abstracts : September 9-10, 2021; Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovin

Thermal and adsorption study of the spent mushroom substrate and its hydrochar

Mushroom cultivation and consumption have been steadily increasing in recent decades, however, after mushroom cultivation, a large amount of by-products, known as spent mushroom substrate (SMS), are left behind in open dumps where about 5 kg of SMS are generated for every kilogram of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Around 51 million tons of SMS are produced in the world every year. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology for the conversion of SMS into a rich carbon product, hydrochar. The hydrochar was synthesized in a hydrothermal reactor at a temperature of 180 °C for a reaction time of 1 h. The characterization of the SMS and its chars was done by FTIR, SEM, and TGA analysis. The FTIR analysis showed that aromatic and oxygen-rich functional groups are dominant on the hydrochar surface. It was noticed that the hydrochar had more visible pores compared to the SMS. The porous structure and oxygen functional groups of hydrochar probably influenced the improvement of adsorption performance, since the adsorption capacity of SMS for Cd2+ ions was 28 mg L-1, while for hydrochar it was 92 mg L-1. On the other hand, the thermal kinetic analysis has shown that hydrothermally treatment upgrades the combustion behavior of hydrochar. The kinetic parameters were determined by Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The hydrochar had notably lower activation energy compared to the SMS, which means that this hydrochar requires a smaller amount of energy to start combustion. The preliminary results show that HTC effectively transforms SMS into alternative solid biofuel and eco-friendly sorbent.RAD 2023 : 11th International Conference on Radiation Natural Sciences, Medicine, Engineering, Technology and Ecology (RAD 2023) 19–23.06.2023; Herceg Novi, Montenegr

Irradiation Modified Biochar for Heavy Metal Adsorption in Aqueous Solution

Biochar produced by pyrolysis of plum and fig pomace at 500 C were characterized and investigated as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Plum and fig pomace are formed after fermentation of this fruit which is used for the preparation of brandy. The brandy industry generates huge amounts of pomace as industrial waste, so pyrolysis as thermochemical technologies was used for organic agro-industrial waste treatment. Plum and fig pomace before and after pyrolysis was characterized using proximate, inorganic and elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Biochar has a carbon matrix with a high degree of porosity and large surface area, suggesting that it can be used as a surface adsorbent and thus have a significant role in controlling environmental contaminants. The surface modification by gamma irradiation was done to enhance the adsorption capacity of biochar. The heavy metals contents in aqueous solution were analyzed using ICP-OES. The adsorption capacity was estimated using the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The results of this work suggest that pyrolysis and irradiation of biomass is a promising way to produce efficient heavy metal sorbents for waste-water treatment.X Međunarodna konferencija o društvenom i tehnološkom razvoju – STED 2021 : Trebinje, 03.- 06. juni 2021

Removal of Pb2+ from aqeous solution using alkally activated hydrochar of the spent mushroom substrate

In this study, the adsorption capacity of Pb2+ removal from aqueous solution was examined by hydrochar of the spent mushroom substrate. In order to improve the adsorption capacity, hydrochar was previously activated with 2M KOH. The obtained results demonstrated that alkally activation increased the sorption capacity from 36 mg g-1 to 74 mg g-1. Structural characterization of activated and inactivated hydrochars were performed by FTIR analysis. Toward to obtained results of FTIR analysis, the increased of the oxygen functional groups (OFG) in activated hydrochars was perceived, which is contributed to the increase in the adsorption capacity of this carbonized material. Results indicated that spent mushroom substrate can be converted into hydrochar as a perspective sorbent for removal of Pb2+.STED 2022 : XI International Conference on Social and Technological Development, 2-5 June 2022, Trebinje, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia & Herzegovin

Thermal Kinetic Analysis of the Spent Mushroom Substrate and Hydrochar

A carbon-rich product, hydrochar, was synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), at temperature of 260 °C. The thermal kinetic analysis has shown that hydrothermally treatment improve the combustion behavior of hydrochar. The kinetic parameters were determined by Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The SMS-260 had a significantly lower activation energy compared to the SMS, which means that this hydrochar needs a smaller amount of energy to start combustion. Generally, the preliminary results show that HTC is an effective way to transform SMS into alternative solid biofuel

Adsorption of Pb2+ Ions on Gamma Irradiated Plum Pomace Biochar

Removal of heavy metals is important because of their toxic effects on living organisms and unwanted anthropogenic effects. Biochar is suitable as an adsorbent of heavy metals due to its advantages such as various sources of biomass, a large number of microporous channels and surface functional groups, as well as due to its economic viability. There is no data about the plum pomace biochar usage as adsorbent for lead removal. In this study, the plum pomace biochar modified with gamma irradiation (IrPP) is used for the removal of Pb2+ ions from the aqueous solution. The SEM micrographs revealed that surface morphology of plum pomace is suitable for metal adsorption. The results of adsorption kinetics demonstrated that the removal process of Pb2+ ions onto IrPP follows a pseudo-second kinetic model, which is confirmed by a better agreement between qe,cal=227 mg g–1 and qe,exp=224 mg g–1. Therefore, based on preliminary research, it can be concluded that IrPP originating from biowaste is a promising, eco-friendly sorbent of heavy metal from wastewater

Validation method for determination od PCB congeners in soil using GC-MS

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the most highly toxic species of POPs. More than 200 PCB congeners exist in nature. [1] PCBs are highly toxic for humans. They enter the human body via inhalation, ingestion or sorption through the skin and the bloodstream transports them to the organs, muscles and adipose tissues, where they are accumulated. This study presents the validation of analytical method for determination of 7 PCBs congeners in soil: PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 118, PCB 153, and PCB 180. The method is based on solid- liquid extraction with cyclohexane and the analysis by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). [2] Samples were analyzed in SIM mode, and the analytes qualitative confirmation was performed comparing the mass spectra of analytical standards of PCB congeners with the NIST data base. The method developed can be applied in range from 0,005 to 10 mg/kg with the appropriate parameters of precision, accuracy, repeatability and linearity and can be used for simultaneous determination of low PCBs concentrations in different types of soil (agricultural, contaminated soil, etc.)

Optical and Antioxidative Properties of 5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide

A new heterocyclic azo dye 5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2- dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide was synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques. These analysis have confirmed that synthesized dye exists in the tinctorial strongest tautomeric form, hydrazone form. The dye is characterized by reflection spectrum, while absorption and emisson spectra are recorded in nine different solvents. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized dye has been chemically tested and has been shown to have great potential as an antioxidant molecule