The Perception of Water Quality and Related Diseases in Rural Areas of the Department of Tiassalé, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

One of critical public health concerns in many developing countries today is water quality and the risks associated with waterborne diseases. Many research works that have studied about factors contributing to water pollution have not considered the perception on drinking water quality and health risk in the rural area of the department of Tiassalé. This study therefore focuses on evaluating the level of perception of households living in the rural area of Tiassalé. The study data were collected through interviews from a total of 600 respondents with structured questionnaire. The majority of the respondents (78.2%) used water from hand dug wells for drinking purpose. According to 77.7 % of respondents, water from the wells was safe for drinking. Around 9.3% had a degree of knowledge about the sources of well water contamination. Majority of the respondents (87.3 %) did not treat their water. About 80% of residents mentioned that they had not experienced any negative effects from drinking the well water. Variables associated with perception of drinking water quality included educational status, use of at least one method of water treatment, and awareness of health risks of drinking contaminated water. The results of this study indicated that knowledge on water quality and health risks were poor

Impact of Blighia sapida (k. Koenig) aril consumption on viscera and their functionalities

The aim of this study was to understand the effects of Blighia sapida aril consumption on viscera and their functionalities. For this instance, quantities of arils were cooked (500 g/l) and lyophilize. Six homogeneous groups of young rats were fed ad libitum with six different diets which can be distinguished by the level of Blighia sapida aril powder put in the diet formulate. There were control diet (0% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs1 (6.25% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs2 (12.5% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs3 (25% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs4 (50% Blighia sapida arils powder) and Bs5 (75% Blighia sapida arils powder). At the end of the experimentation, blood samples were collected and were used for analyses of plasmatic bilirubin content. After sacrificed the experimental rats, stomach, liver, kidney, heart and lung were removed and weighted. These organs were processed for histopathological studies. There were no different variation (p>0.05) of bilirubin content between rats which received control diet and those which received the experimental diets. Organs weight of rats fed with diets Bs1, Bs2 and diet Bs3 were not globally different (p>0.05) compare to those of the control diet while organs weight of rats fed with diets Bs4 and Bs5 were globally reduced (p<0.05). No pathologies on viscera were observed when Blighia sapida aril powder is consumed with moderation (under a value of 50 % of nutrition value need). But, when consumed with exaggeration it provokes lipid nephrosis lesions on kidneys cells and necrosis on hepatic parenchyma. We can notice that Blighia sapida aril is rich nutritiously but it must be consumed with moderation in order to avoid pathologies on viscera

Exploration fonctionnelle de la secretion et des effets physiologiques de la vasopressine au cours de la periode perinatale chez les bovins

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

SENSORY EVALUATION OF GREEN TEA FROM LIPPIA MULTIFLORA MOLDENKE LEAVES

Lippia multiflora Moldenke, a spontaneous shrub from savannah areas, claims many health benefits (against gastrointestinal disorders, anti diarrheal and malaria, fatigue-relieving, diuretic and antioxidant properties). Despite this, its consumption is limited to herbal tea infusion. The objective of the present work is to assess acceptability and organoleptic quality of green tea made from this plant with specific regards to time of storage and geographical origin. To this end, fresh leaves of Lippia multiflora Moldenke were collected from two different geographical areas of Côte d’Ivoire (Centre and North-east). Leaves were processed into green tea according to the orthodox method and stored for one year. Acceptance test and sensory profiling were performed on the teas during storage. No significant differences were found between hedonic scores of teas at different times for the both sampling areas. Also, intensities of sensory attributes of the teas at different storage periods were not significant different. However, acceptability of green tea from Yamoussoukro (Centre) was highly scored than the one from Bondoukou (North-east). Their sensory profiles differ in their aroma characteristics. A lemongrass aroma was perceived in tea from Yamoussoukro while an ocimum grat aroma was found in the one from the north-east. Nevertheless, teas of the two areas, showed similarities for attributes “brownness”, “clearness” and “mint aroma”. Our study shows that acceptability and sensory characteristics (appearance, taste and aroma) of green tea of Lippia multiflora Moldenke depend on the geographical origin. The processed tea can be stored up to one year without change in the sensory properties

Faecal Short-chain Fatty Acid and Early Introduction of Foods in the First 200 Days of Infant’s Life in the District of Abidjan (Ivory Coast)

Dosage of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) according to food diet showed that the content of acetate was high in newborn feaces. Infants receiving food supplements have a complex and diverse gut microbiota. Moreover, the results show that infants from poor districts have an abundant concentration of SCFAs in their faeces compared to those living in places with a relatively high standard of living. Among infants receiving milk, the highest proportion of SCFA is acetate in breastfed infants (BF) at a rate of 15.025 ± 2.23 μmol/g, followed by propionate in infants receiving mixed feeding (BF+FF), at a rate of 13.58 ± 1.03 μmol/g and butyrate in infants taking mixed feeding at a rate of 0.32 ± 0.72 μmol/g. However, among infants starting early diet diversification, acetate is higher in infants receiving milk formula and diet diversification (FF+FD) with a concentration of 25.4 ± 0 μmol/g, followed by propionate (2.36 ± 0 μmol/g) in infants receiving mixed feeding (BF+FF) and butyrate in those fed with (BF+FD). Partial breastfeeding is associated with a higher proportion of acetate, butyrate and propionate. The study of the correlation between the different SCFAs produced and the ASV (Variants of Microbial Amplicon Sequences) of the intestinal community of the child, shows that acetate is positively correlated with Bifidobacterium and negatively with Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella. Propionate is positively correlated with Bifido bacterium and negatively with Escherichia-Shigella. Similarly, butyrate is positively correlated with Bifidobacterium and negatively with Escherichia-Shigella

Influence de l’exposition précoce aux isoflavones de soja sur l’évolution de la masse osseuse chez le rat

National audienc

Complexités des synergies dans l'aliment et bénéfices-risques pour la santé

article présenté lors du colloque 'Phytomicronutriments' qui s’est tenu à Avignon le 16 décembre 2014.National audiencePhytomicronutrients are heterogeneous and ubiquitous substances from plants that are found in our food. Although these compounds are not considered essential because of the lack of conditions associated with their deficiencies, they have always attracted the interest of scientists because of their ability to regulate many cellular and molecular processes, which gives them anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, anti-carcinogenic, and bone and neuro-protective properties, relevant for the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases. That is why they are considered for the development of preventive strategies against the major chronic age-related diseases whose etiology is based on the inflammaging process. It is therefore essential before any recommendation to set type risk / benefit programs in order to secure their consumption. This approach involves a holistic consideration of the issue and thus integrates both the possible interactions with food and physiology.Les phytomicronutriments constituent un ensemble hétérogène de substances ubiquitaires dans le règne végétal que l'on retrouve dans nos aliments. Même si ces composés ne sont pas considérés indispensables en raison de l’absence de pathologies associées à des carences, ils ont toujours suscité l'intérêt des scientifiques car ils ont la capacité de réguler de nombreux processus cellulaires et moléculaires, ce qui leur confère des propriétés anti-athérogéniques, anti-thrombotiques, anticarcinogéniques, et ostéo-et neuro-protectrices, pertinentes pour la prévention des pathologies chroniques dégénératives. C'est la raison pour laquelle ils sont pressentis pour le développement de stratégies de prévention des principales maladies chroniques liées au vieillissement dont l'étiologie repose sur le processus "d'inflammaging". Il est donc fondamental, avant toute recommandation, d'engager des programmes d'étude de type risques/bénéfices, afin de sécuriser leur consommation. Une telle démarche implique une considération holistique de la problématique et donc d'intégrer aussi bien les interactions possibles au niveau alimentaire que sur le plan physiologique

Influence of lifelong soy isoflavones consumption on bone mass in the rat

International audienceSoy isoflavones (IFs) have shown a bone-sparing effect through epidemiological studies in the Asian population. However, there is no evidence as to whether such protection would result from a lifelong exposure. We investigated the impact of an early exposure to IFs on bone status. Sixty female Wistar rats were fed either a standard diet (n=30) or the same food enriched with IFs (0.87 mg/g of diet) (n=30). After 1 month, they were allowed to mate, and were kept on the same regimen during the whole gestation and lactation periods. At weaning, female pups were each assigned to one of four nutritional groups; within each experimental group, animals were split into two groups, fed either the standard or the IF-rich diet. At 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after birth, 10 animals in each group were sacrificed. Femurs were collected for mechanical testing and bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. The rats perinatally or lifelong exposed to the IF-rich diet exhibited higher body weight and fat mass at 24 months of age. Peak bone mass was achieved between 6 and 12 months and did not differ between groups. In animals perinatally exposed to IF, BMD continued to increase. Thus, at 24 months, femoral total BMD (P < 0.05), metaphyseal BMD (P < 0.01), and failure load (P < 0.05) were higher in the offspring born from mothers provided IF during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure alone did not improve bone parameters. This experiment provides evidence that perinatal exposure to phytoestrogens leads to a higher BMD later in life. It is suggested that these changes may have occurred as a consequence of programming effects, as has been shown for the endocrine and immune systems

Prevention of bone loss by phloridzin, an apple polyphenol, in ovariectomized rats under inflammation conditions

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699International audienceAging and sex hormones related changes lead to inflammatory and oxidant conditions, which are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Recent studies have suggested that polyphenols may exert a protective effect in such conditions. We assessed the effect of phloridzin (Phlo), a flavonoid exclusively found in apple, on bone metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (SH) rats with and without inflammation. Six-month-old Wistar rats were allocated to two equal groups that received either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 0.25% Phlo for 80 days. Three weeks before necropsy, inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of talc in 10 animals of each group. At necropsy, ovariectomy decreased both total (T-BMD) and metaphyseal (M-BMD) femoral bone mineral density (P < 0.01). Inflammation conditions, checked by an increase in the spleen weight and alpha1-acid glycoprotein concentration in OVX rats, exacerbated the decrease in T-BMD (g/cm2) (as well as M-BMD) observed in castrated animals (P < 0.05). Daily Phlo intake prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss in conditions of inflammation as shown by T-BMD and M-BMD (P < 0.05). At the diaphyseal site, BMD was improved by Phlo in OVX rats with or without inflammation (P < 0.05). These results could be explained by changes in bone remodeling as the increased urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion in OVX and OVXinf animals was prevented by the polyphenol-rich diet (P < 0.001), while plasma osteocalcin concentration was similar in all experimental groups. In conclusion, Phlo consumption may provide protection against ovariectomy-induced osteopenia under inflammation conditions by improving inflammation markers and bone resorption

The role of extractives in the natural durability of the heartwood of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh: new insights in antioxydant and antifungal properties

International audienceKey messageThe natural durability of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh ’s heartwood is conferred by the high content of antioxidant phenolic compounds, especially tannins and flavonoids combined with the presence of fungistatic alkaloids. The content of phenolic compounds increases according to the natural durability classes, from durable wood (class 2) to moderately durable wood (class 3) and correlated to the antioxidant capacity.Context. The heartwood of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh is resistant to white rot fungi decay, but the mechanism of this natural durability is not fully elucidated.Aims. Biochemical studies were carried out in order to better understand the role of extractives in natural durability of D. guianensis.Methods. The powders from durable and moderately durable heartwood were extracted with methanol, ethanol, and hot water. The quantity of total phenols, tannins, and flavonoids as well as antioxidant activity, evaluated by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were determined using colorimetric methods. Antifungal activity was assessed by using two white rot fungi. The bioactive fractions and compounds were obtained using bio-guided fractionation, HPLC isolation, MS and RMN spectroscopic analyses.Results. Durable woods contain higher amounts of heartwood extract and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was highly correlated with the content of phenolics. The purification of the most antioxidant fraction FII affords the characterization of (+)-catechin (−)-epicatechin, neoastilbin, astilbin, and isoastilbin. Alkaloid fraction FIII exhibits dose-dependent fungistatic activity against Pycnoporus sanguineus Linnaeus and Trametes versicolor Quelet.Conclusion. Phenolic antioxidants and fungistatic alkaloids positively impact the natural durability of D. guianensis