Effect of thermal effluent discharge on benthic fauna off Tuticorin bay, south east coast of India

Benthic fauna of Tuticorin bay in relation to thermal effluent discharge was studied for a period of two years (March 1990 to April 1992). Station I situated closer to thermal effluent discharging site was characterised by high water temperature (surface mean 38.92°C, Bottom mean 3S.S6 °C), low dissolved oxygen (surface mean 3.79±O.29 mill) ami high percentage of sand (mean sand 87.96%, mean silt 7.57%, mean clay 4 .8

Success in hatchery development of seabass and its potential for commercial cage culture in India

Brackishwater fish farming is considered as one of the potential areas not only as a source for fish production but also ensures the food security, livelihood for coastal community, business opportunity for entrepreneurs and also can earn foreign exchange. Coastal aquaculture has grown tremendously in early 1990s with farming of single species, the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. However, the shrimp farming faced severe set back due to outbreak of viral diseases coupled with social and other environmental issues. To overcome these issues, it is important to introduce some of the remedial measures in order to revive the aquaculture industry to achieve the sustainable production and one such measure clearly visible is the diversification of brackishwater aquaculture with fish species. It is evident that crop rotation can also decrease the risk of disease outbreak in the pond system

Effect of thermal effluent on water quality in relation to benthic community

The advancement of industrialization and urbanization along the coastal region has received considerable attention of environmental scientists in the recent past. Owing to an increasing trend in the above factors, large volume of untreated industrial, agricultural, domestic and other wastes are frequently discharged into the sea. This indiscriminate discharge of the waste materials may endanger the safety of the aquatic life and even may cause irrepairable damage to the otherwise very delicately balanced marine ecosystem. Besides, some industrial waste water may contain high concentration of toxicants at lethal or near lethal level. If such untreated waste water is discharged into the sea, the toxicants may be picked up by fishes and shell fishes and these get concentrated in the tissues until the organisms are no longer fit for human consumption (Hammond, 1971). The ever increasing demand of electricity for industrial and domestic purposes has urged the Government, Public and Private sectors to install more and more electricity generating stations. The location of any industry is selected based on both the availability of reasonably good water for the industrial processes and the facility for discharging the wastes. The thermal power plants are always installed near to larger water bodies such as reservoir,lakes and sea and these plants use an enormous amount of water as transfer medium to remove the heat from the condensers and dissipate it into the nearest aquatic environment. The pumping rate of cooling water varies widely according to the design of the plant. Pannel et al (1962) have pointed out that dispersion of heat will be by mixing with water and not by cooling to the atmosphere. As a result of this, the effects of heated effluent are felt at a greater distance from the out fall than if the heated water was spread out and cooled at the surface (Raymont and Carrie, 1964; Ansell, 1963b

Microsporidian (Glugea sp.) infection in the greasy grouper Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskal, 1775)

A case of microsporidian (Glugea sp.) infection in the greasy grouper, Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskal) was studied by light microscopy as well as histological examination. The parasite was located in the subcutaneous tissue and visceral organs, forming spherical blackish xenomas of about 1-2.5 mm in diameter surrounded by a layer of connective tissue. The observed characteristics of the parasite are in line with those of the other Glugea species; showing merogony in the outer zone of the cytoplasm of the host cell, sporogony in sporophorous vesicles, and mature ovoid spores 4-6.5 μm x 2-2.2 μm located in the central part of the blackish xenoma. These characteristics suggested that the microsporidian which was found to infect E. tauvina during the present investigation was Glugea sp

Serum protein profile in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

A detailed study of the alterations in the serum protein fractions following commencement of effective anti-tuberculosis treatment was undertaken in 511 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The concentration of serum albumin was 20-30 per cent higher (P<0.001) and that of a1, a2 and g -globulins significantly lower at the end of treatment than on admission (P <0.01), the magnitude of decrease being 7-17 per cent for g -globulin, 19-30 per cent for a1- globulin and 35-38 per cent for a2- globulin. In all, 481 patients had a favourable response to treatment, 46 of whom had a bacteriological relapse within 18 months of stopping treatment. The likelihood of a relapse was found to be greater with higher a2 -globulin concentrations at the end of treatment, the proportions of patients who relapsed being 3, 9, 13 and 15 per cent with a2 -globulin concentrations of < 0.40, 0.40-0.59, 0.60-0.79 and > 0.80 g/dl (P=0.02)

Minimize the end to end delay and Maximize the coverage of Wireless sensor nodes using Data Fusion Distributed Truncated Greedy algorithm

ABSTRACT: As sensors are energy constrained devices, the main challenge is to minimize the end to end delay by maximizing the coverage area of sensor nodes. Instead of considering the whole network for packet transmission, nodes are formed as clusters based on region. To achieve energy balanced clustering in the network we use the concept called Minimum Weight Sub modular Set Cover (MWSSC), Distributed Truncated Greedy Algorithm (DTGA) can provide a better solution for Minimum Weight Sub modular Set Cover (MWSSC). Though it can achieve Minimum Weight Sub modular Set Cover (MWSSC), but it consumes more energy for data transmission and for sharing local information among their neighbour nodes in the same cluster. This problem can be solved by infusing Data Fusion in Distributed truncated greedy algorithm. . These collected data are sent to base station which acts like a control room. Recent advancement in wireless sensor networks has resulted in a unique capability to the remote sensing environment. These systems are often implemented in remote or the areas where it is hard to be reached. Hence, it is difficult in such networks that operate unattended for long durations. Therefore, extending network lifetime through the efficient use of energy has been a key issue in the development of wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor network typically consist of tens to thousands of nodes. These nodes collect process and Cooperatively pass this collected information to a central location The process of grouping the sensor nodes in a densely deployed large-scale sensor network is known as clustering. The intelligent way to combine and compress the data belonging to a single cluster is known as data aggregation in cluster based environment. The information from the nodes to the sink should be in time. If any delay occurs in transferring the packet, then the packet will be useless. So the network should have minimum delay. So optimally choosing the any cast forwarding policy to minimize the expected end-end delay from all sensor nodes to the sink Communication among number of nodes in a large network for relaying packets consumes lot of energy and takes multi-hop to reach sink node. Rather we can form clusters with small numbers of nodes. Initially, clusters will be formed and we can&quot;t assure that the single node has participated in single cluster. This can be solved using Data fusion Distributed truncated greedy algorithm (DTGA). In which there is no need for all the nodes to be in active in the clusters. Only cluster head needs to be in active and the sensor node will wake up when an event occurs. This clearly shows that the network lifetime can be increased through this data fusio

Improved Collaborative Spectrum Sensing Scheme for Maritime Cognitive Radio

603-612Expeditious growth in wireless networks for numerous wireless services and applications lead to the increase in demand for radio spectrum in both terrestrial and marine wireless communications. Radio spectrum is scarce as the available spectrum is already been allocated to various applications. Cognitive radio technology is an optimistic solution for the spectral scarcity. In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), the unused licensed bands are dynamically accessed by the unlicensed secondary users for data transmission. Spectrum Sensing (SS) is the key technique to detect the presence or absence of the primary users. SS for terrestrial wireless communication have been studied vastly. This paper is aimed to study SS for Maritime Cognitive Radio Networks (MCRN) which is daunting as SS in MCRN depends on the sea state. Existing work on SS in MCRN deals with Classical Energy Detection (CED) which is a straight forward procedure with low complexity and can be applied generally to any signal irrespective of its format. Here we intend to perform SS in MCRN using Improved Energy Detection (IED) which surpasses the performance of CED without ruining its general attributes. Evaluations and analysis are carried out using detection probability performance metric for both CED and IED, simulated and compared for different sea states

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl

A Modified Method for the Estimation of Acetylisoniazid in Urine

The method of Venkataraman et al. (1968) for the direct estimation of acetylisoniazid in urine has been modified to make it suitable for application to urine specimens containing sugar. The urine is first extracted with a mixture of chloroform and n-butanol, the organic phase re-extracted with dilute sulphuric acid, and the original method then applied to the acid extract. With the modified method, recoveries of acetylisoniazid were quantitative, both in the presence and the absence of glucose. Interference due to hydrazones and isonicotinyl glycine was substantially reduced by the modification, while that due to isoniazid remained the same. There was little or no interference from isonicotinic acid, with either the original or the modified method

Classification of children as slow or rapid acetylators based on concentrations of isoniazid in saliva folowing oral administration of body-weight and surface-area-related dosages of the drug

The acetylator phenotype of 180 children aged 3-11 years was determined on the basis of isoniazid concentrations in saliva collected at 5 hours after oral administration of body-weight and surfacearea- related &sages of the drug in a syrup form. isoniazid 25 mglkg was administered on one occasion and 75 mg/m2 surface-area on another, with an interval of 3 days between the occasions. A cross-over design was employed and the sequence was determined by random allocation. The distribution of the concentrations was bimodal with both procedures, indicating the presence of two groups namely, the slow and rapid acetylators. The criterion for a rapid acetylator was a concentration of 0.3 μg/ml or less by body-weight-related dosage and 0.4 μg/ml or less by that based on surface-area. Based on these criteria, 62 % of the children were classified as slow acetylators and 38% as rapid acetylators by body-weight, and 59 and 41 %, respectively by surface-area, and the findings were similar in children in the different age-groups. The agreement between the two procedures was 98%